Atomic Theory.

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Presentation transcript:

Atomic Theory

Let’s Take a Trip Through Time!

Atomic Theories Timeline Name Democritus Dalton Thomson Rutherford Bohr Schrödinger Heisenberg Time Frame Key Points Candy Model

Democritus 460 – 370 B.C. There are various basic elements from which all matter is made Everything is composed of small atoms moving in a void Atoms were indivisible and indestructable. Some atoms are round, pointy, oily, have hooks, etc. to account for their properties Ideas lacked experimental evidence Ideas rejected by leading philosophers because void = no existence

Aristotle

First Concept of an Atom Pick a Candy !

John Dalton 1766-1844 Introduced his ideas in 1803 Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms All the atoms of a given element are identical, but they differ from those of any other element Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in any chemical reaction A given compound always has the same relative numbers and kinds of atoms

Dalton’s Model Pick a Candy !

J.J. Thomson 1856-1940 Discovered electron 1897 – Cathode Ray Experiment Plum Pudding model 1904 Electrons in a soup of positive charges Discovered isotopes 1913

Cathode Ray Tube Experiment

JJ Thomson’s Ideas

Plum Pudding Model Pick a Candy!

Ernest Rutherford 1871-1937 Nucleus Theory 1910 alpha particle gold foil experiment An atom’s mass is mostly in the nucleus The nucleus has a positive charge (Moseley) Atom is mostly empty space Electrons rotating around outside.

Alpha Particle Experiment

Rutherford Model Pick a Candy!

Problems with Rutherford Model negative charged electrons should be attracted to positively charged nucleus rotating charge should give off energy – eventually electron collapse into nucleus couldn’t explain why heated metals or metal compounds give off certain colors couldn’t explain chemical properties of elements

Niels Bohr 1885-1962 planetary model 1913 only certain paths allowed for electrons called energy levels get closer together the farther away from nucleus energy of electron quantized (fixed amount) electrons move between levels by absorbing energy electrons moving from higher levels to lower levels give off specific amount of energy explained colors of heating metals

Bohr’s Model

Bohr Model for Nitrogen Pick A Candy!

Ernst Schrödinger 1887-1961 Werner Heisenberg 1901-1976 Quantum Mechanical Model 1926 Came from the solution to the wave equation Electrons can only have certain energies Electrons are in probability zones called “orbitals”, not orbits, and the location cannot be pinpointed Electrons are particles and waves at the same time Developed quantum numbers based on theories of Einstein and Planck

Orbitals

Quantum Mechanical Theory Electron in a Hydrogen atom Pick A Candy!

Pick Your Favorite Candy and Enjoy! Next Atomic Theory Which one of you will develop a better theory and win the Nobel Prize? Pick Your Favorite Candy and Enjoy!