Science 20 – Biology Ch. 2 Populations Section 3
Galapagos Finches Charles Darwin observed a chain of volcanic islands off the Pacific coast of South America called the Galapagos Islands There were a variety of different climatic regions, each with their own unique ecosystem along the islands with a variety of food sources Darwin observed that the same animals had adapted differently to take advantage of the local conditions
E.g. Several varieties of finches had different beak types that were adapted for a diet specific to their regions Darwin suggested that all varieties of finches came from a common seed-eating finch ancestor
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Published “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection” to describe his theory of evolution – theory stating that the nature of population gradually changes form over time
Darwin also described his theory of natural selection based on the following observations: Organisms usually produce more offspring than can survive There is a variation among individuals with respect to any trait in a population Organisms within a population compete for limited resources
The best adapted individuals in the population are considered to have greater Darwinian fitness because they’ll be able to survive, breed, & pass on traits Reproductive success of an organism
More Evidence The fossil record indicates that organisms did not remain static
Many organisms have vestigial structures – structures that serve no function. (i.e. appendix in humans, undeveloped hind legs in a whale.)
Homework Case Study in readings: James Lamark (Incorrect Hypothesis) and The Peppered Moth Assignment: p #36-40a, 42-46