First Foray into Programming (the hard way). A reminder from last lesson: A machine code instruction has two parts:  Op-code  Operand An instruction.

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Presentation transcript:

First Foray into Programming (the hard way)

A reminder from last lesson: A machine code instruction has two parts:  Op-code  Operand An instruction set is a list of all the Op- Codes, such as:  Load  Add  Store

Machine Code Machine code is a series of 1s and 0s We can easily encode our instruction – each instruction has a binary representation. Op-Code (4 bit)Machine Operation 0000Load from memory 0001Load operand value 0100Add from memory 0101Add operand value 1000Store into memory

Representing a full instruction One instruction is 16 bits (how many bytes?) long. This is our word size. The first 4 bits are the op-code, the rest is the operand. QUESTION - How many memory locations can be addressed?

Machine Code vs Assembly vs Load #23 Add 2 Store 65 This is a 1-to-1 mapping

Questions Using a 2 byte word with a 4-bit op-code, write the following in machine code:  Load 76  Add #43  Add 90  Store 12  Load #45 Write the following in assembly language:   

Hexadecimal Hex is the base-16 number system, the 16 digits are:  0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F  Sometimes A-F are in lower case A3 = 10*16^2 + 3*16 = 10* *16 = = D = 6*16^2 + 13*16 = 6* *16 = = 1744

Hexadecimal (2) Each 4-bit binary number can be represented by one hex digit. Write the following in hex:     Load 76  Add #43  Add 90

Homework Create a program that does something involving all 5 op codes. Write this in assembly using a 2-byte word. Convert this into machine code in denary Finally, write this in hexadecimal.