QUOVADIS – PRACTICE OF SRF IN EUROPE:THE CASE OF NEW MEMBER STATES EU THE POTENTIAL POSSIBILITIES OF BULGARIA IN SRF USAGE. PRELIMINARY SRF DATA ABOUT HUNGARY AND ROUMANIA. ENERGOPROEKT – JSC, SOFIA Technical University - Sofia dipl. eng. Temenuga Manoilova assoc. professor Petyo Gadjanov tel.:(+359 2) tel.:(+359 2) GSM:( ) WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

The dominating method of waste management is landfilling because it is the cheapest option for nowadays. In the same time this method causes a lot of environmental problems: pollution of surface and ground water; contribution to the greenhouse effect by emission of methane; loss of natural areas. Bulgaria and Romania as candidate countries use this standard method for treatment and waste disposal. Around 18% of the municipal waste connected in Western Europe are recycled. This collection of waste for recycling is coming from four main streams:paper, glass, plastics and metals. The main EU principles for waste management are based on: waste prevention; recovery /recycling, reuse and energy recovery/; waste disposal. WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

The EU waste management policy includes the reduction of total amounts of waste production. The recycling process follows two main principles: traditional one includes the material from goods that have reached the end of their life cycle and they are collected, sorted and used to create alternative goods; recycling activity focuses on usage the waste as fuel for renewable energy. WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

TOTAL AMOUNT of GENERATED WASTE, 10 3 t WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

WASTE GENERATION by SECTORS of ECONOMY, in BULGARIA, 10 3 t WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

WASTE GENERATION by SECTORS of ECONOMY, in HUNGARY, 10 3 t WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

WASTE GENERATION by SECTORS of ECONOMY, in ROMANIA, 10 3 t WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

GENERATION of WASTE in MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY, 10 3 t WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

INDUSTRIAL WASTE GENERATION by SUB-SECTORS in HUNGARY, 10 3 t WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

GENERATION and TREATMENT of NON -HAZARDOUS WASTE from the MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY in BULGARIA, 10 3 t WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

GENERATION and TREATMENT of NON -HAZARDOUS WASTE from the MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY in HUNGARY, 10 3 t WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

GENERATION and TREATMENT of NON -HAZARDOUS WASTE from the MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY in ROMANIA, 10 3 t WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

INDUSTRIAL WASTE GENERATION by SUB-SECTORS in ROMANIA, 10 3 t WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

GENERATION of MUNICIPAL WASTE, 10 3 t WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

GENERATION of MUNICIPAL WASTE per PERSON, kg/y WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

TREATMENT and DISPOSAL METHODS for MUNUCIPAL WASTE in HUNGARY, 10 3 t WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

TREATMENT and DISPOSAL METHODS for MUNUCIPAL WASTE, 10 3 t WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

MUNICIPAL WASTE LANDFILLED per PERSON, kg/t WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

INCINERATION INSTALLATION for HOSPITAL WASTE in SOFIA, BULGARIA Main Incineration Installation Data: Produced in Denmark; Total thermal output – 2.90 MW; Solid waste low calorific value kJ/ kg; Solid waste consumption – 400 kg/h; Liquid waste low calorific value – kJ/ kg; Liquid waste consumption – 100 l/h; Temperature at the end of the furnace - >1 100 o C; Flue gases time outage in the furnace - > 2 seconds; Ash production /wt/ – 20 kg/h; Ash production /v/ – 30 l/h; Continuous working cycle - 24 h/day; Yearly working usage - >7 500 hours. WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

INCINERATION INSTALLATION for HOSPITAL WASTE in SOFIA, BULGARIA Hot Water Boiler Data: Thermal output – 2.1 MW; Pressure – 1.6 MPa; Inlet water temperature – 75 o C; Outlet water temperature – 100 o C; Inlet flue gases temperature – o C; Outlet flue gases temperature o C; WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

INCINERATION INSTALLATION for HOSPITAL WASTE in SOFIA, BULGARIA Approximately Waste Structure: Used sticking plaster – 20 – 30%; Rubber – 1 – 2%; Plastic, PVC – 6 – 10%; Syringes, needles, ampoules – 5 – 10%; Hazardous waste, broken glasses’ parts etc. – 0 – 10%; Packages, paper boxes, paste boards etc. – 10 – 20%; Hazardous liquid – 1 – 5%; Volatile liquid – 1 – 5%; Others – 0 –15%. WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

POTENTIAL OF WASTE in OIL REFINERY INDUSTRY in BULGARIA Approximately Waste Structure: The sample analyses show that the combustion fuel mass content changes in very narrow limits. The explanation of the fact is that there exists constant origin of the structure – mainly crude oil and oil products. The different element components of the combustion fuel mass are: carbon – 86%; hydrogen – 12.65%; sulphur – 0.75%; oxygen – 0.3%; nitrogen – 0.3%. waste low calorific value is changing in the limits from up to kJ/kg /it depends of water content/. Oil refinery industry waste are collected and storage in open side sediment reservoirs. WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

WASTE BURNING INSTALLATION from COKE- CHEMICAL PRODUCTION in KREMIKOVTZI- JSC, BULGARIA Main Waste Indicators: Low calorific value – approximately kJ/kg; Viscosity – up to 15 o E 80 ; Density – – kg/m 3 ; Ash content – up to 11%; Flame point temperature – 115 o C. Approximately Waste Structure: carbon – 77.4%; hydrogen – 4.25%; sulphur – up to 2%; oxygen – 2.14%; nitrogen – 1.2%; water – 3%; ash – 11%. WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

WASTE BURNING INSTALLATION from COKE- CHEMICAL PRODUCTION in KREMIKOVTZI- JSC, BULGARIA Burning Installation Possibilities: waste capacity – up to kg/h; natural gas – up to nm 3 /h; coke oven gas - up to nm 3 /h; blast furnace gas - up to nm 3 /h. The burning installation from coke-chemical production is designed for combined or individual fuels usage. WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

COMPOSITION of MUNICIPAL WASTE in BULGARIA, % WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

COMPOSITION of MUNICIPAL WASTE in HUNGARY, % WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

COMPOSITION of MUNICIPAL WASTE in ROMANIA, % WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

WASTE TREATMENT and DISPOSAL FACILITIES for N0N - HAZARDOUS WASTE in HUNGARY WARSAW, POLAND June 2005

DISPOSAL FACILITIES NUMBER of NON --HAZARDOUS WASTE in BULGARIA and ROMANIA WARSAW, POLAND June 2005