Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs PAS Viability & Development Economics Conference Patrick Clarke | Technical Director, URS

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Mid 1990’s - Renewed interest in Urban Design

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Analysis of housing layout, density & quality

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Royal Arsenal Woolwich Image courtesy of the Berkeley Group

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs General Gordon Square, Woolwich Image courtesy of Royal Borough of Greenwich

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Exemplar projects - Poundbury

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Newhall

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Not matched by everyday practice

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs “Rear parking courts had higher levels of vehicle crime and criminal damage than other types of parking and also facilitated offenders’ access to the rear of properties” Layouts dominated by car parking…

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs …at the expense of gardens “A crucial factor for homebuyers in choosing a house is the provision of outside space, and of gardens in particular. Over three quarters of respondents preferred to have a private garden rather than sharing a communal space with their neighbours” CABE – What homebuyers want (2005)

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Renewed interest in Garden Cities and Suburbs

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs What are Garden Cities about?  Origins in Garden Cities movement of early 20th Century  Concept developed by Ebenezer Howard to solve contemporary urban and rural problems  Key principles included:  Strong & balanced communities  Well planned & ordered development  Community facilities, employment and leisure as well as housing  Leafy and green environment  Enduring contribution to British and international thinking on town planning

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Well planned communities at scale

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Supported by the full range of facilities and services

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Proven in a wide range of contexts

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Formal and informal places

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs The best of town & country “…a more harmonious combination of the city and country, dwelling house and garden” – Raymond Unwin (1912)

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs A robust framework for detailed design Masterplan for Brentham Garden Suburb by Raymond Unwin 1907

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Larger & greener development blocks

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs A range of attractive homes W

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs A landscape structure that matures over time

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Viability related issues  Is this form of development achievable in the 21 st Century?  Could ‘land value capture’ support self financing Garden Cities?  How should infrastructure be funded – CIL, S106?  Viable for who? Could the Garden City approach create opportunities for smaller builders and Custom Building?  How might Garden Cities & Suburbs contribute to housing supply?

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs A viable form of development for the 21 st Century? "But first he will have to convince doubters that it is possible to apply town planning concepts developed in the early 20th century to modern Britain's high density populations while overcoming entrenched 'Nimbyism" and high construction costs“ James Pickford, Financial Times, March 2012

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Unwin’s 1912 analysis

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Shelthorpe Estate Masterplan by Barry Parker 1926 Influencing the layout of c.1.8million homes built in the 1920’s & 30’s

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Reinterpreting the Garden City approach to layout

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Recent practice 4 ha 137 homes at 34 dwellings per hectare

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Recent practice 4 ha 137 homes at 34 dwellings per hectare

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs A Garden City approach

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs 4 ha 120 homes at 30 dwellings per hectare Garden City approach

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Indicative cost of development for each scheme

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Comparative land budget for 5,000 homes

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Land value capture for self financing new communities? Visionary Economically Viable – ‘Not a penny of public money’ Popular

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Viable for whom?

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Progress Estate, Greenwich Image courtesy of the Berkeley Group

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Progress Estate, Greenwich Image courtesy of the Berkeley Group

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Progress Estate, Greenwich Image courtesy of the Berkeley Group

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Progress Estate, Greenwich Image courtesy of the Berkeley Group

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs Viability related issues for discussion  Is this form of development achievable in the 21 st Century?  Could ‘land value capture’ support self financing Garden Cities?  How should infrastructure be funded – CIL, S106?  Viable for who? Could the Garden City approach create opportunities for smaller builders and Custom Building?  How might Garden Cities & Suburbs contribute to housing supply?

Planning for Garden Cities & Suburbs PAS Viability & Development Economics Conference Patrick Clarke | Technical Director, URS