USII 7b -locating and describing the major events and turning points of the war in Europe and the Pacific.

 List each of the Axis powers and their leaders  List each of the Ally powers and their leaders

 Warm up  7B notes  Boy in the Stripped Pajamas

 Describe the turning points of WWII  Describe the Holocaust (Content)  Interpret written information (Language)

 What were the major events and turning points of World War II?  What was the Holocaust?

 Germany invaded Poland, setting off war in Europe.  The Soviet Union also invaded Poland and the Baltic nations.  Germany invaded France and captured Paris.

 Germany bombed London, and the Battle of Britain began.  The United States gave Britain war supplies and old naval warships in return for military bases in Bermuda and the Caribbean (Lend Lease).

"Suppose my neighbor's home catches fire, and I have a length of garden hose four or five hundred feet away. If he can take my garden hose and connect it up with his hydrant, I may help him to put out his fire...I don't say to him before that operation, "Neighbor, my garden hose cost me $15; you have to pay me $15 for it."... I don't want $15--I want my garden hose back after the fire is over. "

 Japan bombed Pearl Harbor: December 7, 1941  (A day which will live in infamy - Roosevelt)  After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Germany declared war on the United States.  The United States declared war on Japan and Germany.

 The United States was victorious over Japan in the Battle of Midway. This victory was the turning point of the war in the Pacific.

 Germany invaded the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union defeated Germany at Stalingrad, marking the turning point of the war in Eastern Europe.

 American and other Allied troops landed in Normandy, France, on D-Day to begin the liberation of Western Europe.

 Until the very last minute, the place of invasion - Normandy - was the most heavily guarded secret on the planet.  Surprise was crucial since Germany had 55 divisions in France - the Allies could transport no more than 8 divisions on D-Day morning.  About 17 million maps supported the mission.  Training maps used fake names.  D-Day was originally scheduled for June 5, but the weather did not cooperate. The operation was pushed back to June 6, 1944.

 “The D-Day invasion involved 5,000 ships carrying men and vehicles across the English Channel as well as 800 planes dropping over 13,000 men in parachutes. A further 300 planes dropped bombs on German troops defending the beaches. Over 100,000 Allied troops made it to shore that day.  The most difficult landing of D-Day was at Omaha beach. Navigation problems resulted in many men drowning before they reached land. Omaha Beach also had the largest amount of German troops, and the fighting was fierce. It is the Omaha Beach battle that is reenacted in the opening of the movie Saving Private Ryan.”

 5Vt7w 5Vt7w

 The United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) in 1945, forcing Japan to surrender and ending World War II.

 “The first atomic bomb ever to be used in a military operation was dropped on the city of Hiroshima, Japan On August 6, 1945 at 8:16:02 a.m. Hiroshima time. The bomb, affectionately named "Little Boy," exploded 1,900 feet above the courtyard of Shima Hospital, with a force equivalent to 12,500 tons of TNT. By the end of 1945, 140,00 people had died as a direct result of the bombing. Within the following five years, another 60,000 would die of bomb-related causes. “

 The second bomb, called "Fat Man," exploded over Nagasaki, Japan, at 11:02 a.m. on August 9, It exploded at 1,650 feet with a force of 22,000 tons of TNT. 70,000 people lost their lives in Nagasaki by the end of 1945 due to the bombing. A total of 140,00 died within the next five years.

 The bomb killed men, women, and children indiscriminately. It killed both military personnel and civilians. Although the city produced military items and housed soldiers, it was not selected as a "purely military target" as President Truman had promised. There were six civilians in Hiroshima to every soldier.

 Anti-Semitism  Negative feelings about the Jewish race  Aryan supremacy  The belief that the Aryan race (Caucasian, Blonde- hair, blue-eyed Northern Europeans) are better than other human races (especially, in regards to the Jewish race).  Systematic attempt to rid Europe of all Jews

 Tactics:  Boycott of Jewish stores  Threats  Segregation  Imprisonment and killing of Jews and others in concentration camps and death camps

 During the Holocaust Josef Mengele was the chief provider for the gas chambers at Auschwitz! When it was reported that one block was infected with lice, Mengele solved the problem by gassing all the 750 women assigned to it.

 “Twins as young as five years of age were usually murdered after the experiments were over and their bodies dissected. In addition, they would inject chemicals into the eyes of children in an attempt to change their eye color.”

 “To investigate the most effective treatment of wounds caused by Mustard gas. Wounds deliberately inflicted on the victims were infected with Mustard gas. Some of the victims died as a result of these experiments and others suffered intense pain and injury.”

 “To study various methods of making sea water drinkable. The victims were deprived of all food and given only chemically processed sea water. Such experiments caused great pain and suffering and resulted in serious bodily injury to the victims.”

 “To investigate the most effective means of treating persons who had been severely chilled or frozen. The victims were forced to remain in a tank of ice water for up to 3 hours. Extreme rigor developed in a short time. Numerous victims died in the course of these experiments. After the survivors were severely chilled, rewarming was attempted by various means. In another series of experiments, the victims were kept naked outdoors for many hours at temperatures below freezing. The victims screamed with pain as their bodies froze.”

 The victims were placed under sun lamps which were so hot they would burn the skin. One young homosexual victim was repeatedly cooled to unconsciousness then revived with lamps until he was pouring sweat. He died one evening after several test sessions.

 Experiments with Poison  Spotted Fever (Typhus) Experiments  Malaria Experiments  High Altitude

 Liberation by Allied forces of Jews and others who survived in concentration camps

 Despite initial Axis success in both Europe and the Pacific, the Allies persevered and ultimately defeated Germany and Japan.  The Holocaust is an example of prejudice and discrimination taken to the extreme.