Genotype The genetic makeup of an individual. Phenotype Any measurable trait of an individual. Phenotype results from an interaction between genotype and environment. Individuals differ as a result of different genotypes interacting with different environments. Genetically identical individuals have identical genotypes, but their phenotype will differ to a greater or lesser extent. Two individuals of the same genotype will not have the same phenotype. Genotype & Phenotype

What is genetic diversity? Review: Biodiversity – Different types of populations. Ex. Horses and polar bears Genetic Diversity- Genetic differences within a population.

Why is genetic diversity important? A more genetically diverse population is more likely to contain some individuals that have the traits necessary to survive and adapt to changes in the environment than populations that aren’t as genetically diverse. HEY! IT'S BIGS BUNNY

What is the relationship between the size of a population and its genetic diversity? As a population becomes smaller, some variation in traits is lost. Fewer individuals = less likely that there will be one with the traits necessary to survive in times of environmental stress. smaller populations are more vulnerable to extinction.

Natural Selection Natural selection rests on three indisputable facts:  Organisms produce more offspring than can survive.  Individuals vary in their characteristics.  Many characteristics are inherited by offspring from their parents.

Survival of the Fittest Individuals compete for limited resources. Certain genetic traits allow better adaptation to environmental change. Individuals with these traits will survive and reproduce more successfully than individuals without those traits. Future generations will contain more genes from better-suited individuals.

Adaptations: Camouflage: Concealing form and coloration which enables a species to avoid predators. Mimicry: One insect resembles another in order to fool its predators.

Color Warning Coloration: Animals that taste, smell, sting, or are poisonous often exhibit bright colors to warn of their presence Mating Coloration: Bright colorations among the males of some animals gives the male a definite advantage in mate attraction.

Camouflage,

Walking stick photographed at the San Diego Wild Animal Park.

The bright coloration on this strawberry poison dart frog is an example of "warning coloration"

These two katydids sitting on a tomato plant are well camouflaged.

Some insects display bright colorations and appear ominous even though they are relatively harmless.

A walking stick insect and a preying mantis.

A female owl butterfly has a prominent "eye spot" thought to mimic an owl’s eye,

The male uses his bright red, inflated throat pouch to attract a female. The brightly colored feathers of a peacock are displayed in a fan to the peahen.

One of these insects is a stinging honeybee and the other is a harmless fly that mimics the bee.

Leafy sea dragon one of the most remarkable examples of camouflage in the animal kingdom.

Moth mimics a wasp

Leaf insect

Can you spot the pipefish in this bed of eelgrass?

The male wood duck is brightly colored while the female is brown and camouflaged.

A well-camouflaged flatfish.

Monarch butterflies are toxic and distasteful.. Another butterfly with similar colorations and markings is the Viceroy.