4.14.16 RESPIRATION.  Gas exchange  4 tasks involved 1.Pulmonary ventilation 2.External respiration 3.Respiratory gas transport 4.Internal respiration.

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RESPIRATION

 Gas exchange  4 tasks involved 1.Pulmonary ventilation 2.External respiration 3.Respiratory gas transport 4.Internal respiration RESPIRATION

Lungs  Pulmonary __________  Air is continuously moved into and out of the lungs  External __________  Fresh oxygen from outside the body (EXTERNAL) fills the lungs and alveoli, allowing gas exchange between alveoli and pulmonary blood Rest of the Body  __________ gas transport  Oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in the blood are transported between the lungs and different body tissues  Internal _________  Gas exchange occurs inside the body between the tissues and capillaries RESPIRATION

 Volume of a gas is ________ proportional to its pressure  As the volume of a gas increases, the pressure of the gas __________ BOYLE’S LAW

 At Rest  Atmospheric (outside pressure) is the same as pulmonary (inside pressure)  760mmHg  When they are the same there is ____ airflow  Greater pulmonary pressure  ________ (exhale)  Lesser pulmonary pressure  _________ (inhale) BOYLES LAW

 Diaphragm _______ & _______ out  External Intercostal Muscles _______, ______ ribs up and out  Expands the cavity (________ the volume) which _______ the pressure inside INSPIRATION (INHALE)

 Diaphragm _______, goes back upward into dome shape  External intercostal muscles ______  ________ space (volume) in lungs, which _________ pulmonary pressure EXPIRATION (EXHALE)

 DOES NOT require muscular contraction: _______ process  When asthma or mucus accumulation narrows the respiratory passageways, or when your respiratory rate increases during exercise, it becomes an _______ process EXPIRATION (EXHALE)

 During _____ expiration, the _______ intercostal muscles forcibly depress the rib cage to expel air from the lungs; and the _______ muscles ________ to push air out of the lungs EXPIRATION (EXHALE)

NON-RESPIRATORY ACTIONS

1.What is the main function of the respiratory system? 2.What two types of respiration occur in the lungs? 3.What does Boyle’s law state? 4.For inspiration to occur, must intrapulmonary pressure be higher or lower than atmospheric pressure? 5.Which process (inhalation or exhalation) NORMALLY requires active muscle contractions? CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

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