Depression & Dictators SOL 11b & c

Brain Pop

Causes of Worldwide Depression German Reparations German Reparations – Germans unhappy with Treaty of Versailles- too harsh – Couldn’t afford to pay reparations- very poor – Few jobs & price of basic goods was high Expansion of production capacities & dominance of the US in global economy Expansion of production capacities & dominance of the US in global economy – Uneven distribution of wealth – Overproduction – Americans buying less

High protective tariffs High protective tariffs – People weren’t buying foreign goods Excessive expansion of credit Excessive expansion of credit – People borrowed money to buy stocks – As prices fell, people were unable to pay back money borrowed Stock Market Crash of 1929 Stock Market Crash of 1929 – Investors were afraid that stock prices were too high; they started to sell their stock – The price of stocks fell, market collapsed Causes of Worldwide Depression Cont’d

Impact of Worldwide Depression High unemployment in industrial countries High unemployment in industrial countries – Factory production declined – Businesses & banks failed – Farmers lost land b/c they were unable to pay loans Collapse of credit Collapse of credit – Banks, businesses, & people unable to borrow or spend Collapse of world trade Collapse of world trade – US banks demanded foreign loans be repaid – Germany hit hard - much of its money was borrowed from the US – US demand for products from Latin America, Europe & Australia drastically declined

Dictators & Totalitarianism Dictator: A ruler with unrestricted power, without any democratic restrictions Dictator: A ruler with unrestricted power, without any democratic restrictions Totalitarian State: Gov’t uses intimidation, violence, & propaganda to rule all aspects of life Totalitarian State: Gov’t uses intimidation, violence, & propaganda to rule all aspects of life

In the Soviet Union… Joseph Stalin aimed to create a perfect Communist state Joseph Stalin aimed to create a perfect Communist state Five Year Plans & State Industrialization  Set impossibly high quotas to increase output of steel, coal, oil & electricity Five Year Plans & State Industrialization  Set impossibly high quotas to increase output of steel, coal, oil & electricity Collectivization of Farms  privately owned farms are combined into large government owned farms Collectivization of Farms  privately owned farms are combined into large government owned farms Secret Police  monitored telephone lines, read mail, planted informers Secret Police  monitored telephone lines, read mail, planted informers Great Purge: campaign to eliminate anyone who threatened Stalin’s power Great Purge: campaign to eliminate anyone who threatened Stalin’s power

HYU

In Germany… Adolf Hitler & Nazi Party tried to fix inflation & depression Adolf Hitler & Nazi Party tried to fix inflation & depression Democratic gov’t weakened & nationalism emphasized Democratic gov’t weakened & nationalism emphasized Anti-Semitism Anti-Semitism – Hatred of Jews – Scapegoat for problems Occupation of nearby countries Occupation of nearby countries – “Lebensraum”  Living Space Reoccupation of the Rhineland Reoccupation of the Rhineland Annexation of Austria Annexation of Austria Acquires the Sudetenland Acquires the Sudetenland Takes Czechoslovakia Takes Czechoslovakia

WFE

In Italy… Benito Mussolini “Il Duce” created a fascist gov’t: Benito Mussolini “Il Duce” created a fascist gov’t: – Extreme nationalism & militarism Wanted to restore the glory of Rome Wanted to restore the glory of Rome Invaded Ethiopia Invaded Ethiopia – 1 of 3 independent African countries – Despite pleas from the Ethiopians, the League did nothing Britain allowed access to the Suez Canal on the way to Ethiopia Britain allowed access to the Suez Canal on the way to Ethiopia Hoped to keep the peace Hoped to keep the peace

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In Japan… Hirohito & Hideki Tojo conducted aggressive imperialistic policies in Asia Hirohito & Hideki Tojo conducted aggressive imperialistic policies in Asia Militarism Militarism – Wanted to restore traditional control of the gov’t to the military Industrialization of Japan Industrialization of Japan – Led to a drive for raw materials Invasion of Korea, Manchuria, & the rest of China Invasion of Korea, Manchuria, & the rest of China – League protested invasions & Japan withdrew from League

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