Industry and Expansion 1860-1900 From Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission, Drake Well Museum Collection, Titusville, PAPennsylvania Historical.

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Presentation transcript:

Industry and Expansion From Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission, Drake Well Museum Collection, Titusville, PAPennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission

A. Technological Development 1. ‘Bessemer’ Steel, Pennsylvania Oil, Ice Machine, Electric streetcar, Telephone, Refrigerated rail Cars, c Phonograph, 1877

B. Industrial Growth 1. Laissez-faire vs. Tariffs 2. Consolidation a. Vertical and horizontal integration b. Pools c. Trusts

3. Railroad Expansion a. Pacific Railway Acts, 1862 & 1864 b. Transcontinental Railroad, Unions Develop and grow

C. Population Shifts 1. Movement West a. Land – Homestead Act, 1862 b. Mining – gold, silver, copper - NV, CO, MT, DK, ID, WY b. Railroads - transportation - markets opened 2. Growth of Cities a. Immigration b. Job opportunities

D. Politics and Government 1. Growth of parties a. Rep.-midwest, NE, Southern freedmen b. Dem.- south, industrial centers, cities 2. Rise of ‘Political Machines’ a. Tammany Hall in NY

3. Presidents a. Grant, b. Hayes, Policies a. Indian Removal/ forced Assimilation b. Retreat from Reconstruction c. Bland-Allison Act, 1878

A. Technological Development 1. Edison’s light bulb, Cash register, Brooklyn Bridge Completed, Electric Trolley line, 1888 (in VA) 5. Automatic Loom, Gas-powered car, Radio, 1890s

B. Industrial Growth 1. Established Industries, by 1900

2. Railroads and Time Zones (1883)

3. Greater Corporate Consolidation a. Trusts b. Holding Companies

4. Unions become big business a. Increase in membership b. Increase in activity & power - AFL (Gompers), ARU (Eugene Debs), etc.

C. Population Shifts 1. Urbanization of America ( ) a. Immigrants arrive and stay b. Fewer Agricultural jobs c. Jobs available in industry d. Modern conveniences available

2. Massive immigration

a. East and West - Ellis Island, Angel Island Ellis Island, NY Angel Island Immigration Station, in San Francisco Bay, CA

b. Old v. New Immigrants

c. Nativism - Gentlemen’s Agreement - Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882

3. Final settlement of the American West a. Reservations and Land Use - Dawes Act, 1887 (purpose and features) b. End Native Am. resistance - Wounded Knee, 1890 c. Klondike Gold Rush, 1890s

D. Politics and Government 1. Presidents a. Garfield and Arthur, Civil Service Reform (Pendleton Act) b. Cleveland, Interstate Commerce Act - Dawes Act

c. B. Harrison, scandal - McKinley Tariff - Sherman Anti-Trust Act - Sherman Silver Purchase Act d. Cleveland, Panic of Repeal of Silver Purchase Act

e. McKinley, annexes Hawaii - Gold Standard Act - Spanish-Am. War - Asian trade - assassinated in 1901

2. Political Movements a. Farmers Issues - Debt - Railroads - Farmers’ Alliance, Patrons of Husbandry (Grange)& Populism b. Numerous Reform Movements

3. Election of 1896 a. McKinley v. Bryan b. gold v. free silver c. expansionist v. isolationist d. industrial v. agricultural VS.

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