Julia Cameron Morgan Cameron Mikhaila Morris Carson Perry Carla Zarate

Carbohydrate Polymers → STARCH CELLULOSE → GLYCOGEN → CHITIN POLYSACCHARIDES Carbohydrate Monomers → SUGAR

What elements commonly make up carbohydrates? *CARBON to-boost-solid-state-hydrogen-storage.html *HYDROGEN *OXYGEN

-Units of sugar “ SACCHARIDE ” make up carbohydrates. Simplest Sugars: Monosaccharide Double Sugars: Disaccharide /Biochemistry%20(Ch%204-5)

Functions of Monosachrides → building blocks of disaccharides → major source of fuel for metabolism → provide fuel for the body Structure of Monosachrides → consist of only one sugar molecule → have a carbon backbone that ranges between 3-7 carbon atoms → sweet taste /money-mantra-4/

Functional Groups of Monosachrides drills.com/functional- groups.php?q=simple HYDROXYLCARBONYL chemistry-organic-hydroxy-compounds htm# Examples of Monosachrides rg/glucose 0OrgChem/SASCarbo.htm tures/04A/L4Ayui.html GLUCOSE FRUCTOSEGALACTOSE

What are the functions of disaccharides? → They serve as a nutritional source in the human diet. → They sweeten foods for more taste appeal. Why are disaccharides important? → They are the principal source of energy. → They are the structural components of cells. → They are stored as glycogen in liver of animals. oberts.com/blog/trainer-tip-does-working-out-on-an- empty-stomach-burn-more-fat/

Disaccharides are joined together when two monosaccharides are joined. Basically, this happens when the two monosaccharide molecules undergo a condensation reaction that involves the elimination of one small molecule (like water) from the functional groups.

Disaccharide Examples SUCROSE A white, odorless crystalline powder that has a sweet taste. LACTOSE This is found in milk. MALTOSE This is the same as malt sugar. It is used in the making of soft candies. EX: Chocolates

What are Polysaccharides? They are chains of sugar units, “saccharides”, that form in configurations from tens to thousands of units long. Polysaccharide Functions → They form the cell wall of plant cells. → They are an energy storage

Polysaccharides Examples STARCH  Structure: Linear; Made up of glucose repeat units.  Found in grains, as well as potatoes.  Used… →in pressing clothes to keep them from wrinkling →to make a foam packing →one of the chief forms in which plants store food →as an energy boost for the human body once it has turned into sugar

Polysaccharides Examples CELLULOSE  Structure: Linear; Made up of glucose repeat units.  Found in the rigid cell wall in plants.  Used… →in the wood for building →paper products →cotton →linen →rayon for clothes →in explosives →for films

Polysaccharides Examples GLYCOGEN  Used… →as a fuel in the absence of oxygen →as energy during heavy work →as the principle storage form of glucose in both animal and human cells  Structure: Branched.  Found primarily in liver and muscle cells.

CHITIN Polysaccharides Examples  Structure: Unbranched.  Found abundantly in nature.  Used… →as the exoskeleton (internal structure) for insects, crabs, shrimps, lobsters, and of other invertebrates

Title Slide Picture Citations