ترجمة المحاضرة الثالثة

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ترجمة المحاضرة الثالثة مستوى أول مادة ألإنجليزي

Grammar\قاعدات Vocabulary\كلمات Reading \قرائه

Elements of the Lecture أدوات النكرة1-Articles ( A , An ) الضمائر 2- Pronouns ضمائر الأفعال3- Verbs to Be ضمائر الملكية 4. Have / Has / Had معاينة المفردات 5. Previewing Vocabulary

القرائه \ٌReading Fifty years ago, many people said, “ Online shopping is crazy. Nobody can make money in online company.” They were wrong. Today, jeff Bezos is a billionaire. More and more people are shopping online, and online companies are making a profit. It is a huge business. But some people predict, “ Online business isn’t going to grow any more.” They said, “ customers are afraid of online crime, and they will stop shopping on the internet. قبل خمسين عاما ، وقال كثير من الناس ، ”ان التسوق عبر الإنترنت يعتبر جنون. لا أحد يستطيع أن يكسب المال عن طريق شركة عبر الانترنت. "أنهم كانوا مخطئين. اليوم ، جيف بيزوس هو ملياردير. هو كان من أكثر الناس مزاوله لتسويق عبر شركات الانترنت وتحقيق الأرباح. وهو عمل ضخم. ولكن بعض الناس تنبؤ ، ”بأن الأعمال التجارية عبر الإنترنت لن تنمو أكثر من ذلك. وقالوا بأن الزبائن خائفون من الجريمة عبر الإنترنت ، وأنها سوف توقف التسوق على شبكة الانترنت

اجب على الأسئلة التالية من القطعة “ They” Line 2 refers to many people كلمة انتم في السطر2من المقصود بها العديد من الناس“ ”They” Line 8 refers to Customer كلمة انتم في السطر 8 من المقصود بها الزبائن يكسب المال معناها يربح المال earn money ”“Make money” means ضخم معناها الكبير جداً very big “Huge means” الأرباح معناها فوائد “Profit means” interest “Predict means” to say what is going to happen in advance تنبؤ معناها توقع ما يحدث في المستقبل تنمو معناها يزيد increased “Grow means” Why do some people predict that online shopping will not going to grow? because customers are afraid of online crime لماذا بعض الناس توقعوا بان التسوق عبر الإنترنت لن ينجح أكثر من ذلك؟ لأن الزبائن خائفون من الجريمة عبر الإنترنت

1. Articles- Indefinite هناك نوعان من ادوات النكره في الغه الأنجليزيه There are 2 indefinite articles in English: A= used before singular nouns that begin with consonants. =A تستخدم قبل الاسم المفرد الذي يبدأ بالأحرف الساكنه An= used before singular nouns that begin with vowels An= تستخدم قبل الاسم المفرد الذي يبدأ بالأحرف الصوتية Consonants= all letters in English (q,w,r,t,y,p,s,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,z,x,c,v,b,n,m) Vowels= ( a, e , i ,o , u ) Examples. a_book / an_orange/ a_car/ a_story / an_egg/a_lecture a_ man/ an_umbrella/ an_apple/ a_ pencil /a_table/ an_ email Note: 1.Remember that all the above words are Singular 2. We can’t use ( A or An ) before proper nouns, cities, days, months, etc ملاحظه:- تذكر ان جميع الكلمات هنا مفرده (a-An) لاتستخدم مع الجمع لانستطيع استخدام (a-an) مع المدن واليام والشهور

التمرين الأولI. Exercise ( an & a ) 1. Could you please give me ___a__ piece of cake? a. an b. two c. a d. many 2. _a__ dog is __an__ animal. a. An/a b. An/an c. A/an d. A/a 3. I visited __nothing__Ahmed last week. a. an b. the c. a d. Nothing 4. The capital of Saudi Arabia is __nothing__ Riyadh. a. Nothing b. an c. a d. the 5. I finished ___a_ unit in English language course. a. an b. a c. three d. few 6. I take__an_ umbrella when it rains. a. a b. an c. two d. several

2. Word & Pronoun Reference الضمائر الشخصية A. Personal Pronouns Reflexives ضمائر التأكيد Possessive ضمائر الملكية صفات الملكية Object ضمائر المفعول به Subject ضمائر الفاعل No. Myself\نفسي Mine My Me I\انا 1 Himself\ His Him He\هو 2 Herself Hers Her She\هي 3 Itself Its It It\لغير العاقل 4 Yourself / yourselves Yours Your You You\انت وانتم 5 Ourselves Ours Our Us We\نحن 6 themselves theirs their them They \هم 7

شرح مبسط للضمائر المير يحل محل الاسم= A pronoun replaces a noun · ضمائر الفاعل = Subject Pronouns (( I , You , He , She , It , We, You , They )) · ضمائر المفعول به = Object Pronoضuns (( Me , You , Him , Her , It, Us, You , Them )) · صفات الملكيه = Possessive Adjectives (( My , Your , His , Her , Its , Our , Their)) · ضمائر الملكيه = Possessive Pronouns (( Mine , Yours , His , Hers, Its , ours , Theirs)) · We use pronouns instead of a noun when it is clear who or what we are talking about … نستخدم الضمير بدلا من الاسم عندما نكون على علم من او عن أي شيء نتحدث .. مـــثـــــال = Example Ali is a good student. He passes all his tests . ضــــمائر المـــفعول به = Object Pronouns نستخدم ضمير المفعول به بعد حروف الجر: We use an object pronouns After a preposition مثال:-Do you live near them. مثال :-Send the box directly to me · ضمائر الملكيه = Possessive Pronouns تستخدم صمائر الملكيه بعد هذه الكلمات · After to and for with verbs like ( make, give , send , lend , pass , take , show ) مثال:- . The little boy made it for her .

2. Word & Pronoun Reference الضمائر البرهانيه B. Demonstrative Pronouns بعيد\Far قريب\Near No. هناك\There هنا\Here مكان \place 1 ذالك لشي البعيد المفرد\That هذا لشي القريب المفرد\This مفرد \ Singular 2 لمجموعة أشياء بعيده \Those لمجموعة أشياء قريبه\These جمع \ Plural 3

II. Exercise 1. The doctor gave____us______ a lecture about pronouns. a. we b. us c. our d. ours 2. ___my___ friend sent an email to the doctor regarding the homework. a. I b. Me c. Mine d. My

II. Exercise 5. The building you asked me about is ____there_______. a. these b. those c. there d. her 6. That car over there is ___mine_______. a. mine b. me c. my d. I

II. Exercise 3. Hani visits __them_____ every week. a. them b. they c. theirs d. their 4. __these_____ are the books you told me about. a. That b. These c. You d. Their

3. Verbs to Beالأفعال المساعده After modals ( will, can, shall, Would……..etc ) After has, have,had Past ماضي Present مضارع Subject الفاعل No. Be Been Was am I 1 is He 2 She 3 It 4 Were are You 5 We 6 been They Far Near No. There Here place 1 That This Singular 2 Those These Plural 3

• تقسم الأفعال في اللغة الإنجليزية إلى قسمين:- - الأفعال الرئيسية Main Verbs - الأفعال المساعده Auxiliary/ Helping Verbs - الأفعال الرئيسة مثل walk, play, run, eat, drink….etc الأفعال المساعدة Auxiliary / Helping Verbs فتقسم إلى أربعة أقسام: - 1- Verb to be: - أفعال الكينونة 2Verb to do: -أفعال العمل Verb to have: -33أفعال التملك modals-4الأفعال أو الظروف الشكلية. يعبر فعل الكينونة verb to be عن كينونة الشيء او الشخص وماهيته ويرمز إلى وجودية الشيء والفعل الأساسي المصدر لفعل الكون هو Be بمعنى يكون، يوجد، يصبح. وأفعال الكينونة هي: - am, is, are, was, were بالإضافة إلى be, been, being

ماضي past مضارع present الفاعل subject I am was We/You/They/ are were He/She/It is was ' تستخدم أفعال الكينونة 1.في الجمل الخبرية : - وذلك بوجود مبتدأ Subject وخبرpredicate حيث لا يوجد فعل رئيسي في الجملة. فنضع أحد أفعال BE ) المناسبة لانه لا يمكن عمل جملة في اللغة الإنجليزية دون وجود فعل. The house is beautiful. S V(be) P The house was beautiful. كان البيت جميلا

May))تستخدم للتعبير عن اعطاء الاذن Can)) تستخدم للتعبير عن المقدرة او الاستطاعة May))تستخدم للتعبير عن اعطاء الاذن Can))تستخدم للتعبير عن الاحتمالية التخيلية يعني من الممكن او ربما May))تستخدم للتعبير عن الاحتمالية الواقعيه السهل وقوعها The road can be blocked ~~> احتمالها مش كبير The road may be blocked ~~> احتمالها كبير (Can) تستخدم في المواقف غير الرسمية may))لكن في المواقف الرسمية يفضل استخدام غير رسمي Can I sit next to you? ~~~< Informal رسمي May I sit next to you? ~~~< Formal (could)تستخدم للتعبير عن الاستطاعة في الزمن الماضي (could)تستخدم للتعبير عن اعطاء الاذن في الزمن المضارع والمستقبل ((could تستخدم للتعبير عن الاحتمالية التخيلية أو الحقيقية

Wish))تستخدم بشل نادر جدا للتعبير عن امنية أو رغبة (Might)تستخدم لاعطاء الاذن ولكن هذا الاستخدام نادر جدا (Might)تستخدم للتعبير عن الاحتمالية بصورتها التخيلية او الحقيقية Shall))تستخدم للتعبير عن الاستعدا او الرغبة بشكل حصري مع الضمائر You + He + She + It + They ولا تستخدم أبدا مع الضمائر I + We للتعبير عن الرغبة Shall))تستخدم للتعبير عن العزم وتستخدم حصريا مع الضمائر I + We ولا تستخدم أبدا للتعبير عن العزم مع الضمائر You + He + She + It + They

III. Exercise ( verbs to be ) 1. She___is___ at home now. a. be b. was c. is d. been 2. My friends will___be____here after 15 minutes. a. are b. were c. been d. be 3. I _was___in Riyadh two weeks ago. a. was b. am c. be d. were 4. We ___aren’t______ ready to start now. a. were b. aren’t c. weren’t d. isn’t 5. ___was_ Hiba at university yesterday? a. Is b. Are c. Were d. Was 6. Will Rashed_be__ at university tomorrow? a. be b. is c. was d. been

There are THREE forms of HAVE 4. Verbs to Have There are THREE forms of HAVE A. Have= Present comes after ( I , You, They, We or after plural nouns) B. Has = Present comes after ( He, she , it or after singular nouns ) C. Had= Past comes after all kinds of nouns plural or singular ****************************************************** ) مضارع) نستخدم معها ضمير الملكيه I-you-they-we للجمع فقط Have (مضارع) ستخدم معها فقط ضمير الملكيه she-he-it Has للمفرد فقط (ماضي) نستخدم ضمير الملكية Has) ) للمفرد والجمع I-she-he-it-we-they-you

Exercise: 1. We ___had____ a lecture in English yesterday. ( has, have , had, having ) 2. My friend____has____ a new car nowadays. ( has, having, had, have) 3. The students __have___ studied English for a month.( has, have, had, having) 4. He has a car. He doesn’t have a car. Does he have a car? 5. He has got a car. He hasn’t got a car. Has he got a car? Note: 1. ( has, have, had) can be used as main verbs like 1 & 2 & 4 in the exercise or as helping verbs as 3 & 5.

IV. Exercise ( verbs have ) 1. She__has____ a new car nowadays. a. had b. have c. has d. hasn’t 2. My friends ____have_______been here for 15 minutes. a. has b. have c. hasn’t d. aren’t 3. I __had__an English lecture yesterday . a. had b. have c. has d. haven’t 4. Hind _____doesn’t have____ a dictionary now. a. hasn’t b. doesn’t have c. haven’t d. didn’t have 5. Ahmed and Abdullah ____have_____a mathematics test now? a. has b. have c. doesn’t have d. had 6. ____has___ she been here before ? a. Have b. Has c. Is d. Was

5.Vocabulary Previewing Meaning\شرح الكلمه Word\الكلمه No. Write the same thing\كتابة نفس الشي \Copyنسخ 1 Very, very good/ fantastic Wonderful\رائع 2 Number of people in one squire mile مجموعه من الناس يعيشون في Population\السكان 3 Having lots of people in one place Crowded\مزدحم 4 Fearful creaturelمخلوق غريب مرعب Monster وحش 5 Very bad Terrible\سيئ جداً 6 frightened Afraid\خائف 7 Shopping centre مركز لتسوق \Mall 8 Very big or large Huge \كبير جداً 9 Leave / give up Quit\ استقال-استسلم 10

Exercise 1. You can go to the new _____mall______ and buy whatever you need. A. hospital B. school C. mall D. cinema 2. Doctors always advice smokers to give up smoking. The underlined word give up has the same meaning as: A. quit B. Start C. help D. study 3. The children were afraid when they saw the ____monster____in the Luna park. A. food C. monster C. games D. juice

Exercise 4. The phrase “ write the same thing’ means ________________ . A. cut B. paste C. copy D. delete 5. The trip to the sea was very, very good. “ very, very good” means:- A. wonderful B. dangerous C. terrible D. easy 3. The men, women and children in Saudi Arabia are kind and generous. The underlined phrase can be replaced by: A. visitors C. people C. soldiers D. vehicles