VCE UNIT 3 BIOLOGY Headstart Lecture Presented by: THUSHAN HETTIGE
COURSE STRUCTURE AREA OF STUDY 1 – Molecules of Life – Biomolecules – Cells – Energy and Cellular Respiration – Photosynthesis AREA OF STUDY 2 – Detecting and Responding – Coordination and Regulation – Pathogens and Immunity
ASSESSMENT Unit 3 SACs (20%) – 3 SACs throughout Semester 1 Unit 4 SACs (20%) – 3 SACs throughout Semester 2 End of year examination (60%) – 2.5 hours
MOLECULES OF LIFE Area of Study 1
MOLECULES OF LIFE – 1. BIOMOLECULES Area of Study 1
Biomolecules Basic Biochemistry Basic understanding of chemistry concepts needed.
Biomolecules Basic Biochemistry 1. Molecules and Bonding
Biomolecules Basic Biochemistry 1. Molecules and Bonding
Biomolecules Basic Biochemistry 2. Monomers and Polymers MONOMER = SINGLE UNIT POLYMER = MANY REPEATING SUBUNITS
Biomolecules Basic Biochemistry 2. Monomers and Polymers
Biomolecules Basic Biochemistry 2. Monomers and Polymers
Biomolecules Basic Biochemistry 3. Solubility Soluble in WATERSoluble in LIPID HYDROPHILICHYDROPHOBIC LIPOPHOBICLIPOPHILIC Remember, oil and water do not mix.
Biomolecules Carbohydrates CARBOHYDRATES
Biomolecules Carbohydrates CARBO----HYDRATES (CARBON)----(WATER) (C)----(H 2 O) Significant C, H and O atoms.
Biomolecules Carbohydrates MONOSACCHARIDE
Biomolecules Carbohydrates
GLYCOSIDIC (ETHER) DISACCHARIDE
Biomolecules Carbohydrates POLYSACCHARIDE
Biomolecules Carbohydrates 1. Monosaccharides GLUCOSE source of energy FRUCTOSE found in fruits GALACTOSE
Biomolecules Carbohydrates 2. Disaccharides SUCROSE glucose + fructose plant transport of sugars MALTOSE glucose + glucose LACTOSE glucose + galactose milk sugar
Biomolecules Carbohydrates 3. Polysaccharides STARCH energy storage for plants GLYCOGEN energy storage for animals CELLULOSE structural component of plant cell wall
Biomolecules Lipids LIPIDS FATS and OILS WAXES STEROIDS Insoluble in water.
Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils
Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils glycerol fatty acids
Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils triglyceride triacylglycerol
Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils
Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils
Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils monounsaturated
Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils monounsaturated
Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils polyunsaturated
Biomolecules Lipids 1. Fats and Oils FUNCTIONS
Biomolecules Lipids 2. Waxes
Biomolecules Lipids 3. Steroids
Biomolecules Lipids 4. Phospholipids
Biomolecules Proteins PROTEINS
Biomolecules Proteins amino acid
Biomolecules Proteins
Structure of Protein FOUR levels of structure… Structures within structures.
Biomolecules Proteins primary structure
Biomolecules Proteins secondary structure alpha-helix beta-pleated sheet
Biomolecules Proteins tertiary structure
Biomolecules Proteins quaternary structure
Biomolecules Nucleic Acids NUCLEIC ACIDS
Biomolecules Nucleic Acids DNARNA mRNAtRNArRNA
Biomolecules Nucleic Acids MONOMER…
Biomolecules Nucleic Acids MONOMER…
Biomolecules Nucleic Acids DNA nucleotideRNA nucleotide
Biomolecules Nucleic Acids
Hydrogen bonds hold the strands together… RNA bases adenine (A) uracil (U) cytosine (C) guanine (G) DNA bases adenine (A) thymine (T) cytosine (C) guanine (G)
Biomolecules Nucleic Acids adenine guanine PURINES
Biomolecules Nucleic Acids thymine uracil PYRIMIDINES cytosine
Biomolecules Nucleic Acids Hydrogen bonding occurs between… RNA bases adenine (A) and uracil (U) cytosine (C) and guanine (G) DNA bases adenine (A) and thymine (T) cytosine (C) and guanine (G)