Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E Part Three ENTER

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E Text Appreciation I. Text AnalysisText Analysis 1. ThemeTheme 2. StructureStructure 3. DiscussionDiscussion II. Writing DevicesWriting Devices 1. Language Style & ToneLanguage Style & Tone 2. MetaphorMetaphor III. Sentence ParaphraseSentence Paraphrase

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E I. Text Analysis The author tries to clarify the purpose of a university: to put the students in touch with the best civilization that human race has created. Theme The end of Theme.

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E Part 1 (Paras. 1— ): Part 2 (Paras. ): I. Text Analysis Structure 8 9—14 The writer describes his encounter with one of his students. The author restates what he still believes to be the purpose of a university: putting its students in touch with the best civilizations the human race has created. The end of Structure.

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E I. Text Analysis Discussion As a college student, what do you think of the question put forward by the author? Give your own answer to the question, and compare it with the author’s. After finishing reading the whole text, how do you evaluate the author’s answer? To be continued on the next page.

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E I. Text Analysis To be continued on the next page. Introduction He introduces the topic with his encounter with a student and with two questions: Why should we go to university? Why should we learn literature, arts, philosophy, politics, etc.? Then he proceeds to give evidence to support his view: Evidence A: distinction between technical training and university Evidence B: How to spend the 8 hours of leisure time will decide whether you are capable of penetrating insight, whether you can be democratic, tasteful and above all, whether you can raise a civilized family. How does the writer present his argument?

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E I. Text Analysis The end of Discussion. Answer/topic sentence: … the business of the college is to put you in touch with what the best human minds have thought. Evidence C: Nobody gets to be a human being unaided, and books can aid us in becoming a civilized human, both in terms of techniques of mankind, and in terms of spiritual resources. Conclusion Reiteration and summary: the function of university and its faculty.

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E II. Writing Devices Language Style & Tone The end of Language Style & Tone. Style: Colloquial, familiar style Tone: Humorous and mildly sarcastic By way of using direct speech By way of using metaphors

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E II. Writing Devices Metaphor Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison. Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down… (Para. 1) New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. (Para. 2) That is about what I said, but this particular pest was not interested. (Para. 7) The end of Metaphor.

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 1 … I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City. (Para. 1) … I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University of Kansas City. go to 2 to have just come from a particular place, to have just had a particular experience, e.g. students fresh from college

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 2 I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. (Para. 2) Subjunctive mood: I didn’t point it out in fact. go to 3 I could have told him that he was now not getting training for a job in a technical school but doing a B.Sc. at a university. to intend to do sth. to indicate, register, or show

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 3 Here the word education is used in a broad sense, which involves not only the process of acquiring knowledge and developing skills, but also that of improving the mind. go to 4 That is to say, he had not entered a technical training school but a university and in universities students enroll for both training and education. (Para. 2) What is the difference between training and education, according to the writer? Training is preparation for a job, or a career, such as the training in a certain skill. Education, on the other hand, is learning to develop one’s mental and moral powers.

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 4 “For the rest of your life,” I said, “your days are going to average out to about twenty-four hours.” (Para. 4) to come to an average or ordinary level or standard, esp. after being higher or lower More examples: Meals at the university average out to about 10 yuan per day. The restaurant’s monthly profits averaged out at 30% last year. go to 5

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 5 You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn’t jump the fence, or that your client doesn’t go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. (Para. 5) go to 6 You have to take responsibility for the work you do. If you’re a pharmacist, you should make sure that aspirin is not mixed with poisonous chemicals. As an engineer, you shouldn’t get things out of control. If you become a lawyer, you should make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you lack adequate legal knowledge and skill to defend your client.

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 6 In addition to all other things these professions offer, they provide you with a living so that you can support a family—wife and children. Noun clause, used as predicative go to 7 Along with everything else, they will probably be what puts food on your table, supports your wife, and rears your children. (Para. 5)

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 7 I hope that your income will always be enough. go to 8 They will be your income, and may it always suffice. (Para. 5) Inverted sentence, used in a blessing. e.g. May they live long!

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 8 go to 9 “I hope you make a lot of it, ” I told him, “because you’re going to be badly stuck for something to do when you’re not signing checks.” (Para. 8) Notice the sarcastic tone of the writer. If you don’t have any goal in life apart from making money to satisfy your desire for material riches, go ahead and make a lot of it. not to know what to do in a particular situation

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 9 More examples: You’ve no business telling me what to do. She has no business reading your mail. go to 10 If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the continuity of the fine arts, for that lesson of man’s development we call history—then you have no business being in college. (Para. 9) to have no right to do sth., shouldn’t have been/be doing sth.

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 10 If you are too anxious to make money, too ignorant to see your limitations, then you couldn’t regard those great people’s minds as a gift to your humanity, and thus you can’t be a developed human. go to 11 If you are too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly proud of your own limitations, to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer, or Einstein, you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy. (Para. 12) “too… to…” structure object of the verb “accept”

Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 11 … when I say that a university has no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human minds your human mind needs to include. (Para. 14) “except” used as a conjunctive, introducing an adverbial clause The end of Sentence Paraphrase. both as specialists and as humans: as persons who have specialized and are trained in a certain subject or skill and as civilized creatures and thinking animals

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