PRONOUNS

Pronouns A pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns. Example: Ask Dan if Dan has done Dan’s homework. Ask Dan if he has done his homework.

There are 3 types of personal pronouns A personal pronoun refers to…. the one speaking = 1 st Person the one spoken to = 2 nd Person the one spoken about = 3 rd Person

Personal Pronoun Types 1 st Person I, me, my, mine, us, our, ours, we 2nd Person you, your, yours 3rd person he, his, him she, her, hers it, its, they, them, their, theirs

Practice with Pronoun Types Determine the type of each pronoun used. We like to use his games when we are at their house. You should try them. It is worth your time. We = 1 st his = 3 rd their = 3 rd You = 2 nd them = 3 rd It = 3 rd your = 2 nd

Practice with Pronoun Types Determine the type of each pronoun used: His aunt is a friend of mine. I have known her for years. They will both be coming to our performance whenever it occurs. His = 3 rd I = 1 st her = 3 rd They = 3 rd our = 1 st it = 3 rd

There are 3 Cases of Personal Pronouns There are three cases: nominative, objective, and possessive. The way a pronoun is used in a sentence determines its case. –Subject pronouns use the nominative case. –Predicate or object pronouns use the objective case. –Possessive pronouns use the possessive case. Possessive pronouns function as adjectives in a sentence Possessive pronouns NEVER have apostrophes. If the pronoun “I’ or “me” is part of a compound subject or object, it is polite to put yourself last.

There are 3 Cases of Personal Pronouns When determining case… First ask yourself – “Is this pronoun showing possession of something?” –If the answer is YES, the pronoun is in the possessive case If it does not show possession, look at where it is located in the sentence. –If it is in the subject or refers to the subject it is nominative. –If it is in the predicate and is different than the subject, it is objective. Here’s a quick way to check: –____________sees Bob. (nominative) –Bob sees _____________. (objective)

Personal Pronoun Cases Nominative ( in subject ) Examples: I, we, you, he, she, they, it Objective ( in predicate ) Examples: me, you, us, him, her, them, it Possessive ( showing ownership ) Examples: my, mine, our, ours his, her, hers, their, theirs, its, your, yours,

Pronoun Cases Practice What case are the following pronouns? I will be taking the bus to school. (I = nominative) The bus is stopping for me. (me = objective) They are my friends. (They = nominative) (my = possessive)

Pronoun Cases Practice What case are the following pronouns? Our team is challenging them in the finals. (Our = possessive) (them = objective) She usually calls him on her cell phone. (She = nominative) (him = objective) (her = possessive)

Determining Type and Case 1. She knows the answer. Type Case 3 rd Person Nominative

Determining Type and Case 2. It is my turn. Type Case 3 rd Person Nominative

Determining Type and Case 3. Can you help me? Type Case 1 st Person Objective

Determining Type and Case 4. Tim always brings it. Type Case 3 rd Person Objective

Determining Type and Case 5. You can bring the soda. Type Case 2 nd Person Nominative

Determining Type and Case 6. That is his eraser. Type Case 3 rd Person Possessive

Determining Type and Case 7. I like to study with them. Type Case 3 rd person Objective

Determining Type and Case 8. We will need the workbook. Type Case 1 st Person Nominative

Determining Type and Case 9. This is our house. Type Case 1 st Person Possessive

Determining Type and Case 10. I will call you later. Type Case 2 nd Person Objective

Pronouns & Antecedents An antecedent is the noun that the pronoun replaces. Examples: –Sharon always brings her purse to school. (her is the pronoun, Sharon is the antecedent) –The book lists inventors, and it is fascinating. (it is the pronoun, book is the antecedent)

Pronouns and Antecedents Brian is going to his class. Brian is the antecedent. It was replaced by the pronoun – his. Scarlet and Maria are leaving their house right now. Scarlet and Maria are the antecedents. They are replaced with the pronoun – their. The bus driver is parking, and he will be right back. Bus driver = antecedent He = pronoun

Pronoun/Antecedent Agreement Pronouns and antecedents must agree on two items: GENDER NUMBER Brian brought his friend to the party. (correct gender) Vera and Wendy are using their phones. (correct number) **WHEN YOU USE PRONOUNS, MAKE SURE THAT THEIR ANTECEDENTS ARE CLEAR THIS IS KNOWN AS PRONOUN REFERENCE.

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS Demonstrative pronouns point out something and stand alone in a sentence. THIS THAT THESE THOSE That is a new chair. I found those in the forest.

Demonstrative Adjectives ***IF THIS, THAT, THESE, AND THOSE ARE USED DIRECTLY BEFORE A NOUN RATHER THAN IN PLACE OF A NOUN, IT IS FUNCTIONING AS AN ADJECTIVE RATHER THAN AS A PRONOUN. *** –This is a huge building. (demonstrative pronoun) –This building is huge. (demonstrative adjective)

Demonstrative Adjective or Demonstrative Pronoun? Where did you find that? Demonstrative pronoun That car is brand new. Demonstrative adjective This is the last time I can go. Demonstrative pronoun I can’t wear those shoes. Demonstrative adjective

The Interrogative Pronouns are: What Which Who Whom Whose

Interrogative Pronouns Interrogative pronouns introduce questions. What Which Who Whom Whose Who will be taking the bus to school? What is the answer to the question?

Do I use “who” or “whom”? If you can remove the interrogative pronoun and replace with he or she the answer is who. If you can remove the interrogative pronoun and replace with him or her the answer is whom. Examples: Who is not going? To whom am I speaking?

Try the rule ( Remember that you have to answer the question that is being asked ) (Who, Whom) is planning the party? He is planning the party. (He=Who) Do you know (who, whom) is coming? He is coming. (He = Who) With (who, whom) are you going? I am going with him. (him = whom)

The Reflexive/Intensive Pronouns (8) SINGULAR Myself Yourself Himself Herself Itself PLURAL Themselves Ourselves Yourselves DO NOT USE hisself or theirselves

What’s the difference between reflexive and intensive pronouns? A reflexive pronoun directs the action of the verb back to the subject –Becky will plan the party herself. An intensive pronoun adds emphasis to a noun or pronoun already named. The intensive pronoun comes DIRECTLY AFTER the noun it is emphasizing. –Becky, herself, will plan the party.

Indefinite Pronouns An indefinite pronoun does NOT refer to a particular person, place, or thing Some indefinite pronouns can be singular or plural depending on the phrases that follow the pronoun. –Most of Ghandi’s life is well known: Singular –Most of his listeners were inspired: Plural

Indefinite Pronoun Examples SINGULAR Another Anybody Anyone Anything Each Either Everybody Everyone Everything Little Much Neither Nobody No one Nothing One Other Somebody Someone something PLURAL Both Few Many Others Several SINGULAR or PLURAL All Any More Most None some

Indefinite Pronouns Whenever you use possessive pronouns with indefinite pronouns, you must make sure they agree with their antecedents in number and in gender. –Many read their reports aloud: plural –Each reads his or her report: Singular/ masculine or feminine –Each of the girls raised her hand: Singular/feminine ***body, one, and thing are all singular. Everybody take out his/her book. (Everybody is singular, so you must use his/her)