European Nations Settle North America Ch. 20 Sec. 2

Bellringer: 9/25/ Which European country was the leader in developing and applying 15th Century sailing innovations? 2. The French and Indian War was a conflict over what land area in North America? 3. What are mestizos?

Answer: 9/25/ Portugal 2. the Ohio River Valley 3. Persons of Spanish and Native American descent.

Agenda: 9/25/2013 Bellringer CNN Student News (if possible) Finish notes on the colonization of the Americas Review Guide on the Age of Exploration and the Colonization of the Americas Study Guide: Due tomorrow—Thursday, September 26 th, 2013

Competing Claims in North America Spain’s successful colonization in the Americas spurred other European countries in colonizing new lands as well. France, England, and the Netherlands wanted to find a more direct route to Asia. Not finding a route through N. America, these countries instead, est’d. colonies.

New France da Verrazzano, an Italian sailing for France in 1524 discovered what is today New York Harbor. 10 yrs. Later Jacques Cartier reached a gulf of the E. coast of Canada, & a river that he named the St. Lawrence. Sailed to a Mtn on an island, called it Mount Royal, present day Montreal.

New France (cont’d.) 1608 – Samuel de Champlain sailed up the St. Lawrence w/ 32 colonists and founded Quebec. This became the base of France’s colonial empire in N. Amer. Known as New France – Fre. Jesuit priest Jacques Marquette & trader Louis Joliet explored the Great Lakes & upper Miss. River. Nearly 10 yrs later, Sieur de La Salle explored the lower Miss. He claimed the entire river valley for Fra., & named it Louisiana in honor of LouisXIV.

New France (cont’d.) By the early 1700’s, New France covered much of what is now the mid-west US & eastern Canada. Trade – Fra.’s empire was vast but sparse in population. Most colonists were fur trappers & Catholic priest trying to convert the natives.

The English in N. America In 1606, London investors received a charter from King James to found a colony in N. Amer. The settlers claimed the land & The company sent 3 ships & more than 100 settlers; 4mos later, in 1607 they reached the coast of Virginia. named the settlement Jamestown, in honor of the king. Jamestown’s start was disastrous; settlers wanted to find gold instead of planting crops. 7 out of 10 died of hunger, disease, or battles with Native Americans. After relocation, colonists eventually began to thrive, after tobacco was discovered.

The Puritans 1620 – a group known as the Pilgrims founded a 2 nd English colony, Plymouth, MA. Pilgrims came to New England seeking religious freedom. 10yrs. Later the Puritans also sought religious freedom, est’d. a larger colony in Mass. The Puritans wanted to create a model community that would set an ex. for other Christians to follow.

The Dutch Henry Hudson sailed for the Netherlands in search of a northwest sea route to Asia. He did not find that route, but explored 3 waterways named for him: Hudson River, Hudson Bay, & Hudson Strait. The Dutch claimed lands along these water ways & est’d. fur trade w/ Iroquois Indians Dutch Gov. allowed colonization & they were New Netherland.

Colonizing the Caribbean During the 1600’s European nations colonized the Caribbean. France – controlled Haiti, Guadeloupe, & Martinique. England – Barbados & Jamaica. Dutch – In 1634 they captured the Netherlands Antilles & Aruba from Spain. Europeans built huge cotton & sugar plantations.

The Struggle for North America The English felt that New Netherland separated their northern & southern colonies Duke of York was given permission to drive out Dutch. Dutch surrendered w/out a shot, D. of York renamed colony New York. Eng. Colonized the Atlantic Coast; by 1750 about 1.2mill lived in 13 colonies.

England Battles France Better colonies meant more ppl, which meant more land. Eng. Pushed west into French territory 1754-a dispute be/ Fre. & Brits over land claims in Ohio Valley led to war. French & Indian War-both sides enlisted help of N. Americans, turned into a larger conflict = The Seven Years’ War. Brits & Fre fought for supremacy in Europe & N Amer.

Native Americans Respond European settlement brought mostly disaster for the Native Americans Fre & Dutch developed relationships with N. A. due to mutual benefits of the fur trade. Eng. Had conflict concerning land & religion. Unlike others Brits wanted to populate their colonies, pushing N. A. off of their lands.

Native Americans Respond Eng seized land for more population & growing tobacco. Eng considered N. Amer heathens or ppl w/out faith, some viewed them as agents of the devil. N. Americans developed similar opinions of the Europeans.

Settlers & Native Americans Battle Hostility led to warfare, 1622-Powhatan tribe attacked villages around Jamestown & killed about 350 settlers. During the nxt few yrs, colonists struck back & killed 100’s of Powhatan. King Philip’s War-1675, Na.Amer Metacom(King Philip) led attacks on villages thru Mass. Both sides massacred 100’s of victims, after a yr of fighting, the colonists defeated the natives. More destructive than wars were the diseases that Europeans brought to N. America.

Review Guide You will need your notes, vocabulary, and textbook to answer the questions. These questions are intended to help review concepts, people, and other information covered on your test. Your test is on Friday! Honors please prepare to write a 5 paragraph essay on your test. The topic will be given to you on tomorrow.!