Human Services and Social Polilcy HN 300 Unit 5 Seminar-Helping the Needy Madelyn Harvey, PhD

Chapter 7 Helping Needy Families An End to Welfare As We Knew It Slides developed by David H. Johnson Millersville University of Pennsylvania 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Radey and DiNitto Mothers’ Aid to AFDC Mothers’ Aid: Local and State Efforts Social Security Act of 1935 provided Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) Changed to Aid to Families with Dependent Children in 1962

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Radey and DiNitto History of Child Support Enforcement (CSE) Federal efforts limited to children receiving public assistance ( ) Social Security Title IV-D added in 1975 provides federal matching funds to states for CSE and establishing paternity

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Radey and DiNitto Child Support Enforcement Amendments of 1984 Toughened methods states could use to enforce ▫Warning notices ▫Reports to credit agencies ▫Wage garnishment ▫Civil and criminal charges ▫Interception of federal and state tax refunds ▫Property liens ▫Seizure and sale of property

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Radey and DiNitto CSE and PRWORA Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 ▫Made 50 changes to CSE laws ▫Required state to operate CSE program to receive federal public assistance funds ▫Provided states funds for parent tracking databases ▫Established National Directory of New Hires

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Radey and DiNitto Additional Benefits of CSE Children’s financial well-being Increases father involvement Policies that promote work opportunities Enforces child support across state lines Establishing and enforcing medical support orders

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Radey and DiNitto CSE Effectiveness Greatest gains in locating parents and establishing paternity Increasing custodial parents establishing child support orders Increased collections by 45 percent between 1998 and 2008

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Radey and DiNitto CSE Privatization Failure to comply can cost states federal matching funds Private agencies engaged in enforcement hope to improve cost-effectiveness in view of burgeoning case loads Complaints about private firms include higher fees and the fact that these firms do not accept welfare cases

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Radey and DiNitto Welfare and Work Original ADC encouraged mothers to stay home Social Security Amendments of 1962 first to address rehabilitation to work ▫Counseling and vocational training ▫Child management training ▫Family planning services ▫Legal services

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Radey and DiNitto Job Training and WIN 1967: Congress separated payments from services Work Incentive Now (WIN) provided job training and assistance in locating employment

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Radey and DiNitto Workfare Mandatory employment in return for welfare payments Workhouses of Elizabethan period would be a very punitive form of workfare

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Radey and DiNitto JOBS Program Job Opportunities and Basic Skills (JOBS) Part of Family Support Act of 1988 Replaced WIN Designed to move AFDC from cash assistance to jobs and independence

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Radey and DiNitto Ending Welfare As We Knew It Bill Clinton vetoed two comprehensive welfare reform bills Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) signed in 1996 Replaced AFDC and JOBS with block grant TANF program

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Radey and DiNitto Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) Emphasis on temporary assistance Emphasizes work and self-sufficiency Job readiness, work, and marriage incentives Reduce out-of-wedlock pregnancy Encourage two-parent families

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Radey and DiNitto TANF and Federalism States have discretion in: ▫Setting eligibility limits and cash benefit levels ▫Setting income supplements for working families ▫Additional incentives and sanctions ▫Non-cash programs to meet TANF goals ▫Saving TANF funds for economic downturns ▫Extending transitional Medicaid beyond 12 months ▫Designing work and education programs

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Radey and DiNitto TANF Work Requirements Work-eligible adults are U.S. citizens not receiving SSDI or SSI and who are not needed at home to care for a disabled family member Work-eligible adults limited to five years of cash assistance Expected to return to work no later than two years after benefits begin

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Radey and DiNitto Additional Services Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) Childcare Individual Development Accounts

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7e Radey and DiNitto Discussion Questions What is the U.S. policy for addressing poverty? What is Aid to Dependent Children (ADC)? How did ADC evolve over time? What is Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)?