Support PROVIDING THE PROOF FOR YOUR CLAIMS

Quotations and In-Text Citations Once you’ve carefully selected the quotations that you want to use, follow these guidelines to properly cite and weave those quotations into your paper or essay. 1. Provide context for each quotation: This context should set the basic scene. It should answer the questions: a. who is speaking b. what is the situation that they are speaking about c. who is the audience? For example: When Franklin Roosevelt gave his inaugural speech on March 4, 1933, he addressed a nation weakened and demoralized by economic depression. Roosevelt declared, “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself” (Roosevelt 11). In general, avoid leaving quotes as sentences unto themselves.

Citations 2. Provide a citation for your quotations. All direct, indirect, and paraphrase quotations REQUIRE a formal citation. Follow these guidelines to properly cite your quotations: If there is more than 1 source (book, etc.), or there is some question as to who is speaking, you must cite the author and page number. Example: Some researchers note that “ children are totally insensitive to their parents’ shyness” (Zimbardo 62). If there is only 1 source, or there is no question of the author, you may cite just the page number. Example: Zimbardo notes that “children are totally insensitive to their parents’ shyness” (62). *When using dialogue for support, keep the double quotation marks (“), but use single quotation marks (‘) inside the double quotation marks for what is originally quoted in the text. Ex.: Penelope says, “‘I have no wish to set myself up, nor to depreciate you; but I am not struck by your appearance, for I very well remember what kind of a man you were when you set sail from Ithaca’” (400). researchers note that "children are totally insensitive to their parents' shyness" (Zimbardo 62). If there is only one source (book, etc), or if there is no question about who is speaking, you can cite just the page number (62).

WHAT IS SUPPORT? Support is the quote from the text that proves the assertion you are using for the paragraph. Support is, most likely, the quote that stirred the idea in your head when you read it. You must have at least 2 pieces of support (quotes from the text) to prove each assertion. So….if you have 3 assertions in your paper, you must have 6 quotes from the text to support your assertions.

EXAMPLE Homer used vivid language to portray his protagonist, Odysseus, as a man who genuinely cares about his family and crew. This is illustrated when Odysseus begs Calypso to let him go home to be with his wife. He says to her, “My lady goddess, there is no cause for anger. My quiet Penelope-how well I know- would seem a shade before your majesty, death and old age being unknown to you, while she must die. Yet, it is true, each day I long for home, long for the sight of home…” (654). This is demonstrated again when Odysseus speaks of his crew and the trials they had suffered together. He tells his crew, “Dear friends, more than one man, or two, should know those things Circe foresaw for us...then we die with our eyes wide open, if we are going to die…”(680).

Using the excerpt from Elie Wiesel’s speech “Keep Memory Alive,” write down 5 quotations that support the following assertions (10th textbook pgs ) Using the excerpt from Elie Wiesel's speech “Keep Memory Alive”, write 5 quotations that support the following assertion: In his Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech, Elie Wiesel uses simple, but vivid, language to beseech the world to never forget the horror that was the Holocaust.

Practice: Use the handout titled “ The Monkey’ Paw” to find 5 pieces of support for the assertion below. Be sure to cite your quotations. In the short story “The Monkey’s Paw,” W. W. Jacobs uses dialogue to build suspense when the subject of the monkey’s paw is discussed.

Final Practice: Use the handout titled “ The Most Dangerous Game” to write a paragraph to show 2 examples of support for the assertion below. Use my assertion to start your paragraph. You will turn this in to me. In his short story, “The Most Dangerous Game,” Richard Connell’s protagonist, Sanger Rainsford, uses his past experiences as a hunter to outwit General Zaroff.

Possible pieces of support: In his short story “The Most Dangerous Game,” Richard Connell’s protagonist Sanger Rainsford uses his experiences as a hunter to outwit General Zaroff. Connell writes, “throwing off his sack of food, Rainsford took his knife from its sheath and began to work with all his energy. The job was finished at last, and he threw himself down behind a fallen log a hundred feet away…” (1). As we learn later in the passage, Rainsford has used a trap he picked up from his hunting experiences in Malacca. Zaroff calls out to Rainsford, saying “Not many men know how to make a Malay mancatcher”(2).

Or maybe you used this example... Connell writes “He stepped back from the quicksand a dozen feet or so, and like some huge prehistoric beaver, he began to dig...these stakes he planted in the bottom of the pit with the points sticking up. With flying fingers he wove a rough carpet of weeds and branches and with he covered the mouth of the pit”(2). After the trap killed one of his dogs, General Zaroff exclaimed, “You’ve done well Rainsford,....Your Burmese tiger pit has claimed one of my best dogs…”(2).

Final Activity Using your copy of “Last Night of the World” by Ray Bradbury, specifically looking at your work from a previous class, choose your two best assertions. On a separate sheet of paper, copy your two assertions, and find two pieces of carefully chosen support for each assertion. Remember to properly introduce, quote, and cite your support.