Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 87 Topic: 15.2 Structure of the Heart Essential Questions: NO EQ 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 15.2 Structure of the Heart Get 15.2 Clinical Application for p. 84

2 Pericardial Membranes

Pericardium: or pericardial sac, is a covering that encloses the heart Consists of : Fibrous pericardium: tough, outer bag that protects the heart –Attached to the diaphragm and sternum Parietal pericardium: inner lining of fibrous pericardium Pericardial cavity: contains fluid that reduces friction between the pericardial membranes as the heart moves within them 3 Pericardial Membranes

Pericarditis (peri-car-die-tis): An inflammation of the pericardium due to viral or bacterial infection Adhesions attach the layers of the pericardium Interferes with heart movement Very painful 4

Pericarditis (2m18s) 5

6 Wall of the Heart The wall of the heart is made up of three layers: 1.Epicardium aka visceral pericardium: protects the heart by reducing friction by secreting serous fluid 2.Myocardium: thick layer, largely consisting of the cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart chambers 3.Endocardium: innermost layer that lines all of the heart chambers and covers the structures, such as the heart valves for protection

7 Heart Chambers The heart is divided into four chambers. Two on the left and two on the right. Atria: The upper chambers, have thin walls, receive blood returning to the heart Ventricles: The lower chambers that force the blood out of the heart

Your Table will need 13 colors

Parts of the Heart 9 You will label and color-code your heart Notes will be written on P. 87 and vocab will ALSO be color-coded to match your heart

Heart Chambers Superior vēna cāva Superior vēna cāva & Inferior vena cava: Returns O ₂ -poor blood from the body to the heart Right Atrium Pumps blood  R. ventricle

11 Right Ventricle Pumps blood  pulmonary arteries Tricuspid valve Prevents back flow into R. atrium Heart Chambers

12 Right and Left Pulmonary Arteries Take O ₂ -poor blood  lungs Pulmonary Valve Prevents backflow into R. ventricle Heart Chambers

13 Bicuspid aka mitral valve Prevents backflow into L. atrium Right and Left Pulmonary veins Brings O ₂ -rich blood from lungs  L. Atrium Left Atrium Pumps blood  L. ventricle Heart Chambers

14 Left Ventricle Pumps blood  aorta Aortic Valve: Prevents backflow into the L. ventricle Aorta: Large artery that distributes O ₂ -rich blood to all parts of the body Descending Aorta Heart Chambers

Heart Chambers (1m) 15

16 Valves open and close as the blood makes its way through the heart: Diastole (Dī-as-tol-ē): Tricuspid/Bicuspid valves OPEN Pulmonary/Aortic valves CLOSED Blood flows INTO ventricles Systole (Sys-tol-ē): Tricuspid/Bicuspid valves CLOSED Pulmonary/aortic valves are OPEN Blood flows OUT OF ventricles

15.2 Clinical Application Blood Vessel Disorders 17 Read Highlight Answer Questions