The earliest human societies Chapter 2 lesson 1

Hunters and gatherers Early humans were hunter-gatherers, meaning they hunted animals and gathered plants for food If they couldn’t find enough food they would move on to a new location Lived in caves and rock shelters but those who lived on the plains had to construct shelters out of branches, plant fibers, or animal skins Men versus Women Men hunted and fished Women gathered foods, such as berries and nuts, and cared for the children

Early humans on the move Hunter-gatherers were nomads, people who moved from place to place. At certain times of the year, early bands joined together, forming large communities Early humans moved to new and distant lands The act of moving from one place to settle in another is called migration Migration seems to be the result of following animals to hunt

The Development of tools Fire Early humans learned to make and control fire Provided heat and light Enabled people to cook food Offered protection from animals Able to harden tools made of metal TECHNOLOGY CONSISTS OF ALL OF THE WAYS IN WHICH PEOPLE APPLY KNOWLEDGE, TOOLS, AND INVENTIONS TO MEET THEIR NEEDS STONE TOOLS FOR CUTTING HUNTING BOWS MADE OF WOOD FLINT SPEARHEADS STONE HAND AXES

Early human culture Language Religion Art * developed from a need to work together * the worship of God, gods, or spirits * Created art in caves and rock shelters as well as art they could carry with them *the cooperation needed to gather and share food led to language * believed that everything in nature had a spirit * Cave paintings show images of bulls, stallions, and bison * Jewelry and figurines are examples of portable art

learning to farm and raise animals Chapter 2 lesson 2

The beginnings of agriculture Wild grasses spread and were domesticated by humans- we were able to grow and tend the grasses Humans and animals had more grain to eat Early humans domesticated animals Were raised for food and clothing Animals offered a reliable source of meat and milk products Entire animal was used Agriculture is the planting of seeds to raise crops Agricultural revolution was created by the shift from food gathering to food raising People made tools to loosen the soil, sticks to dig holes and sickles to harvest grain Early farmers practiced slash and burn agriculture Cut and burned trees and brush to clear land for crops

Farming develops in many places River valleys in Africa and asia Early farming developed in areas where water was available Water to agriculture and led to development of irrigation- the watering of crops Built irrigation systems of dikes and canals Uplands in the americas Developed later than in the rest of the world Developed mainly in plateaus and other flat areas at fairly high elevations Terracing of land to create flat areas helped the land for raising corn, beans, potatoes, and squash

Activities!!! 1. Write a hunter-gatherer’s diary Write one diary entry which includes references to the kind of work a hunter-gatherer might do and some of the challenges a hunter-gatherer band might face You must write a minimum of 3 paragraphs and include 1 quick sketch