The first two years of the war. 1861-1862. Confederate batteries opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor 4/12/1861.

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Presentation transcript:

The first two years of the war

Confederate batteries opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor 4/12/1861.

North: Union Yankees General Grant United States of America South: Confederacy Rebels General Lee Confederate States of America

The North’s Plan to win the war. Created by General Winfield Scott. Got its name because its goal was to squeeze the South to death.

Blockade the Coast Hold Border states in the Union. Control the Mississippi Capture Richmond War of Attrition

July, 1861 Forces Engaged: 60,680 total (US 28,450; CS 32,230) Union thought it would crush the southern rebellion and the war would be over.

First major land battle in Virginia Southern forces were initially driven back. South got reinforcements and forced the Northern Army to retreat back to Washington, DC. Spectators got in the way of the Union retreat.

Thomas J. Jackson earns the nickname: “Stonewall Jackson” Significance: Showed that this was going to be a long war. Anaconda Plan: March to capital and capture Richmond.

March South put iron plating on an old Union Ship, the Merrimack and renamed it the C.S.S Virginia. Would try to break the blockade Attacked and sank 3 Union ships

North had an iron clad of its own, The U.S.S Monitor. Battle was a draw (tie) Significance: Made wooden ships obsolete Anaconda Plan: Blockade the coast

Fort Henry (Cumberland River) Fort Donelson (Tennessee River) Grant surrounded Forts (laid siege to) Grant nicknamed: Unconditional Surrender Grant Anaconda Plan: Capture western rivers

April 6 and 7, 1862 Grant marched along the Tennessee River to Pittsburg Landing On TN River right by Mississippi border

Confederates: Albert Sidney Johnston surprise attack on Sunday morning Grant was caught off guard-eating breakfast Union forced to retreat to river bank except for “hornets nest” Held off “Rebs” for hours.

Johnston (CS) gets killed General Beauregard took command of the South Grant gets reinforcements and plans a counter-attack Day Two-Union victory, Rebs forced back Significance: Bloodiest battle in the West Anaconda Plan: Control Mississippi

McClellan went to Yorktown Peninsula to sneak around the Confederate position and attack Richmond. Confederates had less than 5000 men North had 10,000 men

South used fake guns called Quaker guns to fool the North into thinking they were outnumbered. Jeb Stewart commanded the Confederate cavalry (Soldiers on horseback). North lays siege and starves out the Confederates

McClellan wins every battle on the peninsula, but retreats anyway because he thought he was outnumbered. Significance: North still unable to get to the Confederate capital. Anaconda Plan: Capture Richmond

Jackson (CS) went up the Shen. Valley to make the North think he was going to attack Washington, DC Used Guerrilla warfare tactics (hit and run) Scared the Union forces McClellan is fired, Pope is hired

Pope (US) takes over Bull Run and heads towards Richmond Jackson and Stewart attack Steal Pope’s dress uniform and payroll Jackson runs out of ammunition-falls back A.P. Hill, Longstreet, and Lee show up and chase Pope back to Washington, DC.

1 st battle fought in the North (Sharpsburg, Maryland) McClellan replaced Pope again after last battle. McClellan finds a copy of Lee’s plans wrapped around cigars

3 prong attack across the creek Supposed to all take place at the same time. Really thick fog holds up the Army

1 st Prong General “Fighting Joe” Hooker (US) attacked first Confederate Gen. Hood counter attacked Drove North back Hooker is wounded

2 nd Prong Union Gen. Sumner attack across Middle bridge Fought Gen. Hill to a standstill at “Bloody Lane” Used dead bodies as sandbags

3 rd Prong Union Gen Burnside took 4 hours to cross the lower bridge. Fought to a stalemate Both side’s sides claimed victory. The Union claims they won because the South went back down to Virginia

23,000 soldiers killed, wounded or missing after just 12 hours of fighting. Bloodiest one-day battle of the war. Significance: Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation after the apparent Union victory. And, keep European powers out of the war. Anaconda Plan: none (southern offensive).