Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell

Fig. 6-2 Which microscope would work best for looking at macromolecules? 10 m 1 m 0.1 m 1 cm 1 mm 100 µm 10 µm 1 µm 100 nm 10 nm 1 nm 0.1 nm Atoms Small molecules Lipids Proteins Ribosomes Viruses Smallest bacteria Mitochondrion Nucleus Most bacteria Most plant and animal cells Frog egg Chicken egg Length of some nerve and muscle cells Human height Unaided eye Light microscope Electron microscope

Fig. 6-7 Describe the components of a phospholipid (see figure 5.13) that allow it to function as the major element in the plasma membrane. TEM of a plasma membrane (a) (b) Structure of the plasma membrane Outside of cell Inside of cell 0.1 µm Hydrophilic region Hydrophobic region Hydrophilic region PhospholipidProteins Carbohydrate side chain

Fig. 6-8 Why is a high surface to volume ratio important for a cell? Surface area increases while total volume remains constant Total surface area [Sum of the surface areas (height  width) of all boxes sides  number of boxes] Total volume [height  width  length  number of boxes] Surface-to-volume (S-to-V) ratio [surface area ÷ volume]

Fig. 6-9a Circle the items found in animals but not plant cells. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Smooth ERRough ER Flagellum Centrosome CYTOSKELETON: Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules Microvilli Peroxisome Mitochondrion Lysosome Golgi apparatus Ribosomes Plasma membrane Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Chromatin NUCLEUS

Fig. 6-9b Circle the items found in plant cells but not animal cells. NUCLEUS Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Chromatin Rough endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Central vacuole Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules CYTO- SKELETON Chloroplast Plasmodesmata Wall of adjacent cell Cell wall Plasma membrane Peroxisome Mitochondrion Golgi apparatus

Fig What is the role of ribosomes? Cytosol Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Free ribosomes Bound ribosomes Large subunit Small subunit Diagram of a ribosome TEM showing ER and ribosomes 0.5 µm

Fig How is the role of smooth ER different than rough ER? Smooth ER Rough ER Nuclear envelope Transitional ER Rough ER Smooth ER Transport vesicle Ribosomes Cisternae ER lumen 200 nm

Fig True or False. ER products can be processed from the trans face first. cis face (“receiving” side of Golgi apparatus) Cisternae trans face (“shipping” side of Golgi apparatus) TEM of Golgi apparatus 0.1 µm

Fig. 6-14a Break down the word phagocytosis using Greek components. Nucleus 1 µm Lysosome Digestive enzymes Plasma membrane Food vacuole Digestion (a) Phagocytosis

Fig. 6-14b Research the term autophagy. What do the components mean? Vesicle containing two damaged organelles Mitochondrion fragment Peroxisome fragment Peroxisome Lysosome Digestion Mitochondrion Vesicle (b) Autophagy 1 µm

Fig What does the vacuole absorb when the plant cell grows? Central vacuole Cytosol Central vacuole Nucleus Cell wall Chloroplast 5 µm

Fig Number the migration pathways for membranes of the endomembrane system. Smooth ER Nucleus Rough ER Plasma membrane cis Golgi trans Golgi

Fig Fill in the missing information. ____________ ribosomes in the mitochondrial matrix Intermembrane space Outer membrane Inner membrane ______ 0.1 µm

Fig Fill in the missing information. Ribosomes _________ _______ Inner and outer membranes 1 µm

Fig What do vesicles use to get from point A to point B in a cell? Vesicle ATP Receptor for motor protein Microtubule of cytoskeleton Motor protein (ATP powered) (a) MicrotubuleVesicles (b) 0.25 µm

Table 6-1a Highlight/underline the main functions of microtubules. 10 µm Column of tubulin dimers Tubulin dimer   25 nm

Table 6-1b Highlight/underline the main functions of microfilaments. Actin subunit 10 µm 7 nm

Table 6-1c Highlight/underline the main functions of intermediate filaments. 5 µm Keratin proteins Fibrous subunit (keratins coiled together) 8–12 nm

Fig How many microtubules are in a centrosome? In the drawing, circle and label one microtubule and describe its structure. Centrosome Microtubule Centrioles 0.25 µm Longitudinal section of one centriole Microtubules Cross section of the other centriole

Fig How are flagella and cilia similar? 5 µm Direction of swimming (a) Motion of flagella Direction of organism’s movement Power strokeRecovery stroke (b) Motion of cilia 15 µm

Fig What happens to the basal body of the sperm’s flagellum? 0.1 µm Triplet (c) Cross section of basal body (a)Longitudinal section of cilium 0.5 µm Plasma membrane Basal body Microtubules (b)Cross section of cilium Plasma membrane Outer microtubule doublet Dynein proteins Central microtubule Radial spoke Protein cross- linking outer doublets 0.1 µm

Fig. 6-25b What energy molecule must be utilized to move flagella? Cross-linking proteins inside outer doublets Anchorage in cell ATP (b) Effect of cross-linking proteins (c) Wavelike motion 13 2

Fig Why increase the surface area of a nutrient absorbing cell? Microvillus Plasma membrane Microfilaments (actin filaments) Intermediate filaments 0.25 µm

Fig, 6-27a True or False. The length of the actin and myosin filaments remain the same during muscle contraction. Muscle cell Actin filament Myosin filament Myosin arm (a) Myosin motors in muscle cell contraction

Fig. 6-27bc True or False. Actin subunits are arranged in a permanent structure during amoeboid movement. Cortex (outer cytoplasm): gel with actin network Inner cytoplasm: sol with actin subunits Extending pseudopodium (b) Amoeboid movement Nonmoving cortical cytoplasm (gel) Chloroplast Cell wall Streaming cytoplasm (sol) Parallel actin filaments (c) Cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells Vacuole

Fig The ECM is the animal equivalent to the _______________________ in a plant cell. EXTRACELLULAR FLUID Collagen Fibronectin Plasma membrane Micro- filaments CYTOPLASM Integrins Proteoglycan complex Polysaccharide molecule Carbo- hydrates Core protein Proteoglycan molecule Proteoglycan complex

Fig. 6-32a Watertight skin is due to what junction? Tight junctions prevent fluid from moving across a layer of cells Tight junction Intermediate filaments Desmosome Gap junctions Extracellular matrix Space between cells Plasma membranes of adjacent cells

Fig What components of a cell function in phagocytosis? 5 µm