 A civil war is a war between people of the same country. ..

 The American Civil War was fought to keep the South from leaving the Union.

 Slavery was the major issue that separated the North from the South

 After the southern states secede from the Union  South Carolina demands that Union property be surrendered to the south  Lincoln refuses to allow Fort Sumter to surrender  Confederate forces fire on the fort April 12, 1861 and eventually force its surrender

 Larger population  North 22 million  South Only 9 million  More ships  Larger, railroad system  More industry - 81% of nation’s factories  More Money 75% of nation’s wealth

North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda ” Plan North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda ” Plan

 Capture Richmond the Southern Capital and force surrender  Control of the Mississippi River to Stop the transport of:  soldiers  Weapons  Ammunition  Clothes  Food  other supplies needed  Blockade southern ports to stop  cotton shipments  supplies from foreign nations

 Fighting a defensive war  Local support of all men  familiar with land  Better Motivation: seeking independence  Short communication lines/ friendly population  Confederates had the best generals  Cotton – to raise money they could sell cotton to factories in England and France

 Goal: to be recognized as an independent nation in order to preserve their way of life  Defend its homeland, holding onto as much territory as possible until the North got tired of fighting  Capture Washington, D.C.  Gain England and France’s support  Beat back the Union troops from South

 This was the first major land battle of the Civil War  Union 28,500 troops  Confederates 32,000 troops  To control an important rail road junction in Northern Virginia.

 Early on in the battle it seemed as if the Union would win in rather easy fashion.

 With a wild “Rebel Yell” the Confederates launched a strong counterattack, and as the Union troops began withdrawing under pressure, many panicked and it turned into a rout.

 In just five minutes of fighting the 5 th New York Regiment (Union) lost 123 men.  Many Yankee Soldiers just threw down their guns and frantically ran in the direction of nearby Washington D.C.

Union Commander: General Irwin McDowell Confederate Commander: General Joe Johnston July 21, 1861 Casualties: Union-2,446, Confederate- 1,600 Winner: Confederate

General Lee of the Confederates invaded Maryland hoping the state would help the South. Lee was pinned down at Antietam creek by General George McClellan of the Union after his plans were discovered wrapped around some cigars.

Significance: One of only 2 major battles fought in the North. The bloodiest day of the war. The Union forced Lee back to the South. This victory was what Lincoln needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamatio n.

So who won the battle? Union Commander: General George McClellan Confederate Commander:General Robert E. Lee September 17, 1862 Casualties: Union-12,410 Confederate-13,724 Winner: Union…barely!

 The proclamation was issued 22 nd Sept 1862  Freed all slaves who were in Confederate states fighting against the Union  Did not free all slaves! Was very limited.

 The Union had a big victory in The Battle of Antietam  His personal views on slavery  It was a popular idea in the North  He wanted the slaves in the South to run away

 Union General George Mead  Confederate General Robert E. Lee  Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of America.  Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days.  It was the last time the South invaded the North.  The South lost the battle, Union wins!  After the battle Lincoln gives the famous speech “The Gettysburg Address.”

General Ulysses S. Grant of the Union

General Robert E. Lee of the Confederacy

Graduate from West Point, 1843 Served in the Mexican War Shoe salesman before the War Successful in Western Theater Appointed by Lincoln in 1864 to command all Union forces The Butcher Unconditional Surrender Grant Graduate from West Point, 1843 Served in the Mexican War Shoe salesman before the War Successful in Western Theater Appointed by Lincoln in 1864 to command all Union forces The Butcher Unconditional Surrender Grant Graduate from West Point, 1829 Served in the Mexican War Arrested John Brown Lincoln asked Lee to head up the Union Army Refused because of loyalty to Virginia. Defeated Union in battles from 1861 to 1863 in the Eastern theater Excellent in military strategy Graduate from West Point, 1829 Served in the Mexican War Arrested John Brown Lincoln asked Lee to head up the Union Army Refused because of loyalty to Virginia. Defeated Union in battles from 1861 to 1863 in the Eastern theater Excellent in military strategy

LLee’s Confederate troops SStarving and clothes were rags TTrapped FForced to surrender at the Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865 GGrant’s Union troops WWell-fed and well supplied SSurrounded the Confederate soldiers TTHE WAR WAS OVER!

Terms of Surrender All officers and enlisted men in the Confederate army could go back to their homes. All military equipment and weapons had to be given up to the Union.

Civil War ended when Lee surrendered to Grant at APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE April 9, 1865

Cost of the War The war cost the U.S. government about $2 million per day or about $6 billion total. The south spent about $4 billion on the war effort. Around 620,000 soldiers died in the Civil War

Iraq 2,900 Persian 300

After four bloody years of civil war, the South was defeated.

AAbraham Lincoln did not live to see peace FFive days after the surrender, April 14, 1865 Lincoln was shot and killed WWatching a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. JJohn Wilkes Booth, assassinated the President.