Attitude Change

Anchoring and adjustment - Attitude change 1 Implications of attitude change theories for numerical anchoring: Anchor plausibility and the limits of anchor effectiveness

Attitude (psychology) - Attitude change 1 Attitudes can be changed through persuasion and an important domain of research on attitude change focuses on responses to communication. Experimental research into the factors that can affect the persuasiveness of a message include:

Attitude (psychology) - Attitude change 1 When people are not motivated to process the message, simply the number of arguments presented in a persuasive message will influence attitude change, such that a greater number of arguments will produce greater attitude change.Petty, R.E

Attitude (psychology) - Attitude change 1 In the peripheral route to attitude change, the individual is encouraged to not look at the content but at the source

Attitude (psychology) - Emotion and attitude change 1 Emotion is a common component in persuasion, social influence, and attitude change

Attitude (psychology) - Emotion and attitude change 1 By activating an affective or emotion node, attitude change may be possible, though affective and cognitive components tend to be intertwined. In primarily affective networks, it is more difficult to produce cognitive counterarguments in the resistance to persuasion and attitude change.

Attitude (psychology) - Emotion and attitude change 1 Affective forecasting, otherwise known as intuition or the prediction of emotion, also impacts attitude change. Research suggests that predicting emotions is an important component of decision making, in addition to the cognitive processes. How we feel about an outcome may override purely cognitive rationales.

Attitude change 1 Thus, by activating an affective or emotional node, attitude change may be possible, though affective and cognitive components tend to be intertwined

Attitude change - Bases 1 There are three bases for attitude change: compliance, identification, and internalization. These three processes represent the different levels of attitude change. Kolman, H.C. (1938). Compliance, identification, and internalization: Three processes of attitude change. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2(1),

Attitude change - Internalization 1 The Expectancy-value theory is based on internalization of attitude change. This model states that the behavior towards some object is a function of an individual’s intent, which is a function of one’s overall attitude towards the action.

Attitude change - Emotion-based 1 There is considerable empirical support for the idea that emotions in the form of fear arousal, empathy, or a positive mood can enhance attitude change under certain conditions

Attitude change - Emotion-based 1 It is difficult to measure attitude change since attitudes may only be inferred and there might be significant divergence between those publicly declared and privately held

Attitude change - Dual models: Depth of Processing 1 Many dual process models are used to explain the affective (emotional) and cognitive processing and interpretations of messages, as well as the different depths of attitude change. These include the elaboration likelihood model and the heuristic-systematic model of information processing.

Attitude change - Heuristic-Systematic Model of Information Processing 1 The Heuristic-Systematic Model of Information Processing describes two depths in the processing of attitude change, systematic processing and heuristic processing

Attitude change - Systematic processing 1 Individuals who receive a message through systematic processing usually internalize the message, resulting in a longer and more stable attitude change.

Attitude change - Heuristic processing 1 Individuals who process a message through heuristic processing do not internalize the message, and thus any attitude change resulting from the persuasive message is temporary and unstable

Attitude change - Heuristic processing 1 A famous study that constitutes the difference in attitude change is the Milgram experiment, where people changed their attitude to “shocking their partner” more when they followed authorities whereas the subjects themselves would have not done so otherwise.

Attitude change - Heuristic processing 1 *Liking has shown that if one likes another party, one is more inclined to carry out a favor. The attitude changes are based on whether an individual likes an idea or person, and if he or she does not like the other party, he/she may not carry out the favor or do so out of obligation. Liking can influence one's opinions through factors such as physical attractiveness, similarities, compliments, contact and cooperation.

Attitude change - Elaboration Likelihood Model 1 This suggests that motivation through emotion alone will not result in an attitude change.

Attitude change - Cognitive dissonance theory 1 The basic idea of the Cognitive Dissonance Theory relating to attitude change, is that people are motivated to reduce dissonance which can be achieved through changing their attitudes, beliefs,orFestinger, L

Attitude change - Cognitive dissonance theory 1 Thus, attitude change is achieved when individuals experience feelings of uneasiness or guilt due to cognitive dissonance, and actively reduce the dissonance through changing their attitude, beliefs, or behavior relating in order to achieve consistency with the inconsistent cognitions.

Attitude change - Sorts of studies 1 Carl Hovland and his band of persuasion reseachers learned a great deal during World War 2 and later at Yale about the process of attitude change.Rogers,Everett M:A history of communication study

Attitude change - Sorts of studies 1 *High-credibility sources lead to more attitude change immediately following the communication act,but a sleeper effect occurs in which the source is forgotten after a period of time.

Attitude change - Sorts of studies 1 *Mild fear appeals lead to more attitude change than strong fear appeals.Propagandists had often used fear appeals.Hoveland's evidence about the effect of such appeals suggested that a source should be cautious in using fear appeals,because strong fear messages may interfere with the intended persuasion attempt.

Introspection illusion - Attitude change 1 In studies wherein participants chose an item to keep, their subsequent reports of satisfaction with the item decreased, suggesting that their attitude changes were temporary, returning to the original attitude over time.

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