Unit 4 ReviewUnit 4 Review Sections B,C,D

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  What is the name of eachof the ions below? OH - H 3 O +

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  What is the name of eachof the ions below? OH - hydroxide H 3 O + hydronium

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  Which of these is in abundance in solution constitutes an acid? OH - hydroxide H 3 O + hydronium

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  Which of these in abundance in solution constitutes an acid? H 3 O + hydronium

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  If there are an abundance of OH -, hydroxide ions, the solution will be ___________.

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  If there are an abundance of OH -, hydroxide ions, the solution will be basic.

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  Which of the following are acids, bases or salts? H 3 PO 4 MgOH CH 3 COOH MgSO 4 NH 4 OH

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  Which of the following are acids, bases or salts? H 3 PO 4 - acid MgOH - base CH 3 COOH - acid MgSO 4 -salt NH 4 OH - base

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  Complete the following reaction : Acid + Base  ______ + ________

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  Complete the following reaction : Acid + Base  Salt + Water

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  What type of reaction is this? Acid + Base  Salt + Water

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  What type of reaction is this? Acid + Base  Salt + Water Neutralization Reaction

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  If equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions are added to the solution in the following reaction, what will be the resulting pH? Acid + Base  Salt + Water

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  If equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions are added to the solution in the fo9llowing reaction, what will be the resulting pH? Acid + Base  Salt + Water pH = 7 Neutral!

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  If an acid is added to a pH 4.5 solution and the pH DOES NOT change, what assumptions can you make about the solution?

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  If an acid is added to a pH 4.5 solution and the pH DOES NOT change, what assumptions can you make about the solution? a) The solution contains a buffer. b) The added acid is a very weak acid and does not contribute to the H+ concentration enough to measure.

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  Given the following information, is HF (hydrofluoric acid) a strong or weak acid? HF + H 2 O  HF + H 3 O +

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  Given the following information, is HF (hydrofluoric acid) a strong or weak acid? HF + H 2 O  HF + H 3 O + If you still have HF in the products then it did not completely ionize and is therefore a weak acid.

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  A solution has the following concentrations of H 3 O + and OH - ions in solution. Is the solution acidic or basic? H 3 O+ = 1 x OH - = 1 x

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  A solution has the following concentrations of H 3 O + and OH - ions in solution. Is the solution acidic or basic? H 3 O+ = 1 x OH - = 1 x 10 – 4 Basic! That OH- concentration is much higher than the H 3 O + concentration.

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  What is the pH of the solution? H 3 O+ = 1 x OH - = 1 x 10 – 4

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  What is the pH of the solution? H 3 O + = 1 x OH - = 1 x 10 – 4 pH is determined from the H 3 O + concentration of ions in a solution. Therefore the pH is 10.

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  An environmental survey team measured the pH of the rain near a municipal incinerator found it had a pH of 6.0.  How should the team react to this discovery?  Why?

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  An environmental survey team measured the pH of the rain near a municipal incinerator found it had a pH of 6.0. There is no cause for alarm because this is well within the natural pH rain of rainwater.

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  What is the pH of acid rain?

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  What is the pH of acid rain? Less than 5.6.

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  If the pH of water is 7, why is rain with a pH range of 5.6 – 7.0 considered natural? Where did the acid come from?

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  If the pH of water is 7, why is rain with a pH range of 5.6 – 7.0 considered natural? Where did the acid come from? CO 2 in the air dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, H 2 CO 3.

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  Which manmade atmospheric pollutants are responsible for acid rain?  Where do they come from?

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  Which manmade atmospheric pollutants are responsible for acid rain? SO 2  H 2 SO 4 from burning coal NO 2  HNO 3 burning gasoline

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  How many moles of H 2 SO 4 does a 4 molar (4M) solution of sulfuric acid contain?

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  How many moles of H 2 SO 4 does a 4 molar (4M) solution of sulfuric acid contain? It contains 4 moles for every liter of solution.

Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D  How many moles are there in 102 g KOH?

K = 39 g/mol O = 16 g/mol H = 1 g/mol KOH = 56 g/mol Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D 102 g x 1 mol = 2 mol 56 g

 How many grams of KOH must be added to 1 liter of water to make a 2 molar solution? Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 How many grams of KOH must be added to 1 liter of water to make a 2 molar solution? K = 39 g/mol O = 16 g/mol H = 1 g/mol KOH = 56 g/mol Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D 56 g KOH x 2 mol KOH 1 mol KOH 1 liter soln. = 102 g KOH

 Classify each as a strong/weak concentrated/dilute acid/base Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 Classify each as a strong/weak concentrated/dilute acid/base Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What does the following figure represent? Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What does the following figure represent? Electromagnetic wave Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is EM radiation? Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is EM radiation? Electromagnetic waves that range in frequency from radio waves to gamma waves and includes visible light. Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is the name for one wavelength of electromagnetic energy? Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is the name for one wavelength of electromagnetic energy? Photon Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What does the frequency of a wave measure? Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What does the frequency of a wave measure? The number of waves that pass a given point per second. Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is the relationship between frequency and energy of the wave? Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is the relationship between frequency and energy of the wave? The higher the frequency the more energy the wave has. Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength? As frequency increases, wavelength decreases. Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is the speed of all electromagnetic waves in a vacuum? Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is the speed of all electromagnetic waves in a vacuum? 3 x 10 8 m/s Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is the equation that shows the relationship between frequency, wavelength and speed of light? Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is the equation that shows the relationship between frequency, wavelength and speed of light? V = f x Wave velocity = frequency x wavelength Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is frequency of light that has a wavelength of 580 nm? V = f x Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 List the following in order of increasing energy: Visible light Infrared radiation X-rays Gamma rays Radio waves Microwaves UV radiation Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 List the following in order of increasing energy: Radio waves (lowest) microwaves Infrared radiation Visible light UV radiation X-rays Gamma rays (highest) Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 Which of the following makes up the type of energy we call radiant heat? Radio waves (lowest) microwaves Infrared radiation Visible light UV radiation X-rays Gamma rays (highest) Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 Which of the following makes up the type of energy we call radiant heat? Infrared Radiation Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 Which of the following make up the majority of the solar spectrum? Radio waves (lowest) microwaves Infrared radiation Visible light UV radiation X-rays Gamma rays (highest) Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 Which of the following make up the majority of the solar spectrum? Infrared radiation Visible light UV radiation Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 Put the following in order as they appear in the visible spectrum (the rainbow). Blue Green Indigo Orange Red Violet yellow Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 Put the following in order as they appear in the visible spectrum (the rainbow). Remember ROY G BIV Red Orange yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 Which gases in the troposphere absorb IR radiation (heat)? Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 Which gases in the troposphere absorb IR radiation (heat)? CO 2 CH 3 H 2 O Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is the term used to refer to these gases the absorb heat? CO 2 CH 3 H 2 O Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is the term used to refer to these gases the absorb heat? CO 2 CH 3 H 2 O Greenhouse gases Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 Is global warming real? Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 Is global warming real? Yes, the data suggests that the earth is experiencing a warming trend. The controversy is over the extent to which humans have altered the natural warming and cooling cycles. Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is the suggested cause of human driven global warming? Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is the suggested cause of human driven global warming? The use of fossil fuels that release CO 2 and Methane into the environment. Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is specific heat capacity? Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 What is specific heat capacity? The quantity of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a material by one degree. (Celsius or Kelvin it doesn’t matter because they are the same size ) Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 Describe the heat transfer that occurs when you add an ice cube to a cup of hot chocolate. Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 Describe the heat transfer that occurs when you add an ice cube to a cup of hot chocolate. The hot chocolate will transfer energy in the form of heat to the ice cube. Eventually enough energy will be transferred that the ice will melt. Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 If the ice cube has a mass of 10 g and temperature is 0°C, how much energy must it absorb from the hot chocolate before it completely melts and mixes with the 40°C drink? Remember the specific heat capacity for water is 4.18 J/(g°C) Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D

 If the ice cube has a mass of 10 g and temperature is 0°C, how much energy must it absorb from the hot chocolate before it completely melts and mixes with the 40°C drink? Remember the specific heat capacity for water is 4.18 J/(g°C) Q = cm  T Q = (4.18 J/g°C)(1 g)(40°-0°) = J Unit 4 B,C,DUnit 4 B,C,D