Wide Field Scanning K. Morishima Nagoya University

Aim Speed up of CS scanning Method ・ wide field optics ・ enlarge grains + swell emulsion

test optics F.O.V = 154 x 115 micron 2 pixel scale x = 0.30 micron/pixel Y = 0.24 micron/pixel F.O.V = 317 x 240 micron 2 pixel scale x = 0.62 micron/pixel Y = 0.50 micron/pixel standard wide field Tiyoda x50 oil immersion lens (N.A. = 0.85, WD = 1.2mm) Nikon CFI Plan x50 oil immersion plane lens (N.A. = 0.90, WD = 0.4mm) + x0.5 tube lens (for format conversion) (Nikon) + x0.7 relay lens (Tiyoda) sensor size ½ inch

scanning test sample (double refresh exposed Gran Sasso CS facility) cut 1. In water to remove glicelin 2. gold deposit development for enlarging grains by Kubota 3. swell emulsion by Naganawa reference 30mm92.5mm 50mm Normal Development GS

picture1 ( normal ) Thickness = 40 micron

picture2 ( enlarged ) ( gold deposit development ) Thickness = 60 micron

close up grain 0.3 x 0.3 square micrometer S-UTS,UTS pixel size is about 0.3 micron On a focal plane 0.5 micron0.8 micron

focal depth of enlarged grain Grain size is larger, focal depth of grain is lager Swell emulsion The number of grains increases on a focal plane Back ground tracks increases

Relation between focal depth and grain size normal enlarged enlarged + swelled grain focal plane focal depth of grain

difference of film normal enlargedratio grain size (micron)5.08.0(x1.6) F.D. ( / 1000mic 3 ) (~x1) thickness (micron)4060(x1.5)

Scanning test normal 30mm92.5mm 50mm enlarged + swelled 1.Pick up prediction tracks (pl3-pl4-pl6) 2.Search pl5 for microtracks window : dx,dy < +-10micron dthx,dthy < +-100mrad pl Exist or not Pl 05 optics emulsion A. Standard – normal B. Wide field – normal C. Wide field – enlarged + swelled Scan area : 1cm 2

A. UTS standard optics + normal film Bg : /(100x100mic2)x/(100x100/mrad2)

A. micro track angular resolution X Y 14 mrad 13 mrad

B. Wide Field + normal film Bg : /(100x100mic2)x/(100x100/mrad2)

B. micro track angular resolution X Y 21 mrad 18 mrad

C. Wide Field + enlarged grain + swelled emulsion film Bg : /(100x100mic2)x/(100x100/mrad2)

C. micro track angular resolution X Y 27 mrad 24 mrad

comparison of efficiency Grain sizeefficiencyNoise Standard 1 normal wide field 2 normal wide field 2 enlarged X Y 1 : 0.30micron/pixel, 0.24micron/pixel 2 : 0.62micron/pixel, 0.50micron/pixel

Wide field optical system CCD (512x480 pixels) standard sensor of UTS Objective lens Nikon CFI Plan X50 Oil immersion lens NA : 0.90 WD : 0.4 tube lens X 0.5 (Nikon) Relay lens ~ x 0.7 (Tiyoda) emulsion Development is based on infinity optics (Nikon CFI optics) F.O.V = 317 x 240 micron 2 pixel scale x = 0.62  m/pixel Y = 0.50  m/pixel

Efficiency Check Sample : double refreshed half size OPERA film exposed cosmicray pl Cosmic ray 1.Pick up prediction tracks (pl1-pl3-pl4) 2.Search pl3 for basetrack window : dx,dy < +-3micron dthx,dthy < +-70mrad Exist or not ID Scanning area ( 10mm x 10mm )

・グレインサイズ増大 → 焦点面に入る銀粒子数増大 ・膨潤

Dispalcement XAA standard

Displacement gold wide field

efficiency

standard – wide field (normal film)

Field of view Using different optics and same CCD sensor (current UTS’s) current X 50 wide field X 25 (Nagoya Standard optics) Tiyoda oil immersion lens x50 (N.A. = 0.85, WD = 1.2mm) Nikon CFI Plan x50 oil immersion lens (N.A. = 0.90, WD = 0.4mm) + x0.5 tube lens (for format conversion) (Nikon) + x0.7 relay lens (Tiyoda)

CCD image of scanned OPERA film Captured by video capture board currentwide field Comparison between current and wide field

F.O.V = 154 x 115 micron 2 pixel scale x = 0.30  m/pixel Y = 0.24  m/pixel F.O.V = 317 x 240 micron 2 pixel scale x = 0.62  m/pixel Y = 0.50  m/pixel

focal depth of grain measured by eye check forcal depth (micron) Normal3.5 Enlarged4.4 Grain size is larger, focal depth of grain is latger Swell emulsion The number of grains increases on the focal plane

UTS standard optics (standard parameter)

Wide field gold rep

Wide field standard

Standard normal - wide field normal