Date of download: 6/6/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. System overview for direct optical fringe writing in PRP. The direct fringe writing architecture encompasses fringe computation, display on spatial light modulator, demagnification and transfer to PRP, and PRP exposure with appropriate computer-control for spatial multiplexing for large-image generation. Figure Legend: From: Direct fringe writing architecture for photorefractive polymer-based holographic displays: analysis and implementation Opt. Eng. 2013;52(5): doi: /1.OE

Date of download: 6/6/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Generation of elemental fringe patterns from fully computed HPO holographic fringe patterns. Note that the segmentation creates elemental fringe patterns suitable for display on the SLM used in the fringe writing setup. Figure Legend: From: Direct fringe writing architecture for photorefractive polymer-based holographic displays: analysis and implementation Opt. Eng. 2013;52(5): doi: /1.OE

Date of download: 6/6/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Optical setup for direct fringe writing. L=DPSS CW laser at λ=532 nm, BEO=beam-expanding optics, SLM=LCoS spatial light modulator, PBS=polarizing beam-splitter, L1=input objective objective of the telecentric imaging system with focal length f1=250 mm, L2=output objective of the telecentric imaging system with focal length f2=50 mm, PRP = photorefractive polymer. z2 is dictated by the focal lengths of the lenses used, whereas z1 and z3 are linearly related. Figure Legend: From: Direct fringe writing architecture for photorefractive polymer-based holographic displays: analysis and implementation Opt. Eng. 2013;52(5): doi: /1.OE

Date of download: 6/6/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Photograph of the optical setup for direct fringe transfer. Left to right: SLM, PBS, L1, aperture stop at Fourier plane of L1 (completely blocking diffracted orders higher than ±1), L2, PRP. Figure Legend: From: Direct fringe writing architecture for photorefractive polymer-based holographic displays: analysis and implementation Opt. Eng. 2013;52(5): doi: /1.OE

Date of download: 6/6/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Simulation geometry for direct optical fringe writing system. Diffraction of primary orders from a generalized holographic grating displayed on the SLM is depicted; higher-order modes of diffraction from the SLM are neglected in this diagram. z1 is the distance from SLM to the input objective lens, z2=f1+f2 is the distance from the first objective to the second objective, and z3 is the distance from the second objective to the recording medium at the point of diffracted order re-convergence. W0 is the WDF at the plane of the SLM, W1− is the WDF at the plane of the first objective lens prior to phase transformation, W1+ is the WDF immediately after phase transformation by the first objective lens, W2− is the WDF at the plane of the second objective lens, W2+ is the WDF immediately after phase transformation by the second objective lens, and W3 is the WDF at the plane for PRP exposure (diffractive image plane). Figure Legend: From: Direct fringe writing architecture for photorefractive polymer-based holographic displays: analysis and implementation Opt. Eng. 2013;52(5): doi: /1.OE

Date of download: 6/6/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Simulated evolution of the Wigner distribution function of the optical field resulting via diffraction from a sinusoidal grating with Λ=15 μm as it propagates through the optical system depicted in Fig. 5, having f1=250 mm and f2=50 mm. (a) W0(x,s) at the plane of the spatial light modulator. Note that the top-most and bottom-most energy-carrying regions in the WDF correspond to the spatial frequency content of the grating (s=±6.66×104 m−1). (b) W1−(x,s) at the plane of the entrance objective L1, solved via a Fresnel transformation of W0(x,s). (c) W1+(x,s) at the plane of the entrance objective L1 immediately after phase transformation, solved via a thin-lens transformation of W1−(x,s). (d) W2−(x,s) at the plane of the exit objective L2, solved via a Fresnel transformation of W1+(x,s). (e) W2+(x,s) at the plane of the exit objective L2 immediately after phase transformation, solved via a thin-lens transformation of W2+(x,s). (f) W3(x,s) at the plane of the PRP, solved via a Fresnel transformation of W2+(x,s). Note that this final WDF indicates a spatial scaling of 1/5x and spatial frequency scaling of 5x (Λ=3 μm, s=±3.33×105 m−1). Figure Legend: From: Direct fringe writing architecture for photorefractive polymer-based holographic displays: analysis and implementation Opt. Eng. 2013;52(5): doi: /1.OE

Date of download: 6/6/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Comparison of initial and final irradiance and energy spectral density distributions resulting via diffraction from a sinusoidal grating with Λ=15 μm in propagation through the optical system depicted in Fig. 5, having f1=250 mm and f2=50 mm. (a) Irradiance distribution, backcalculated from W0(x,s), at the plane of the SLM depicting a sinusoidal grating with Λ=15 μm. (b) Irradiance distribution, backcalculated from W3(x,s), at the plane of the PRP depicting a sinusoidal grating with Λ=3 μm – a scaling of 1/5x compared to the original period. (c) Energy spectral density distribution, backcalculated from W0(x,s), at the plane of the SLM depicting the spatial frequency content of the grating at s=±6.66×104 m−1. d) Energy spectral density distribution, backcalculated from W3(x,s), at the plane of the PRP depicting the spatial frequency content of the grating at s=±3.33×105 m−1 – a scaling of 5x compared to the original spatial frequency. Figure Legend: From: Direct fringe writing architecture for photorefractive polymer-based holographic displays: analysis and implementation Opt. Eng. 2013;52(5): doi: /1.OE

Date of download: 6/6/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Simulated evolution of the Wigner distribution function of the optical field resulting via diffraction from a linearly chirped grating with spatial frequencies ranging from s=0 m−1 through s=2.75×104 m−1 as it propagates through the optical system depicted in Fig. 5, having f1=250 mm and f2=50 mm. (a) W0(x,s) at the plane of the spatial light modulator. Note a spread of energy over spatial frequencies, with a cutoff in the spectral domain at the maximal frequency contained in the chirp (s=±2.75×105 m−1). (b) W1−(x,s) at the plane of the entrance objective L1, solved via a Fresnel transformation of W0(x,s). (c) W1+(x,s) at the plane of the entrance objective L1 immediately after phase transformation, solved via a thin-lens transformation of W1−(x,s). (d) W2−(x,s) at the plane of the exit objective L2, solved via a Fresnel transformation of W1+(x,s). (e) W2+(x,s) at the plane of the exit objective L2 immediately after phase transformation, solved via a thin-lens transformation of W2+(x,s). (f) W3(x,s) at the plane of the PRP, solved via a Fresnel transformation of W2+(x,s). Note that this final WDF indicates a spatial scaling of 1/5x and spatial frequency scaling of 5x and therefore the maximal spatial frequency present in the imaged chirp is s=±1.375×105 m−1 – 5x that of the original maximal spatial frequency. Figure Legend: From: Direct fringe writing architecture for photorefractive polymer-based holographic displays: analysis and implementation Opt. Eng. 2013;52(5): doi: /1.OE

Date of download: 6/6/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Computer-generated model of a teacup. Figure Legend: From: Direct fringe writing architecture for photorefractive polymer-based holographic displays: analysis and implementation Opt. Eng. 2013;52(5): doi: /1.OE

Date of download: 6/6/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Holographic image of the computer-generated teacup model. Note that the dark spot in the left side of the image is a region of material degradation and not an artifact of the imaging process. Figure Legend: From: Direct fringe writing architecture for photorefractive polymer-based holographic displays: analysis and implementation Opt. Eng. 2013;52(5): doi: /1.OE