PEARL HARBOR December 7, 1941

High School Notes Time!!! Stuff to possibly know for the quiz is in RED! Practice summarizing what you see/read!

Hideki Tojo : Prime Minister of Japan (Former Minister of War) "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere"

Background to the Attack… * As an ISLAND NATION – what problems does Japan encounter?

Why did Japan Attack? Japan had invaded both China and Indochina- IMPERIALISM The U.S. demanded that Japan withdraw from China and Indochina-IMPERIALISM!!! September The U.S. placed an embargo on Japan by prohibiting exports of oil, steel, scrap iron, and aviation fuel to Japan Japan thought that attacking the U.S. would provide them an easy win, and a territory with lots of land and resources to rule once they were victorious. The U.S. embargo against Japan was hurting Japan’s economy, and their ability to make war!

Japanese Aggression Prior to Attack on Pearl Harbor * ) * As a result of Japanese aggression, FDR sends “lend-lease” supplies to China – who does that tick off even more??? (he also freezes Japanese assets in the U.S. and send Douglas MacArthur to the Philippines to prepare a Pacific Fleet)

Japan moves into Chinese territory.

1.) 1933, Japan withdrew from the League of Nations (after criticism for Manchurian Incident, 1931) 2.) 1937, the second Sino-Japanese War broke out (and Japan essentially controlled east coast of China until 1945) Japanese Aggression Prior to Attack on Pearl Harbor 3.) France Falls (June 1940), * Battle of Britain Ends * (Oct. 1940), Japan Occupies French Indochina (Sept. 1940), G.B. and U.S. react with an embargo on “strategic materials” of Japan! (airplane fuel, scrap metal, oil, steel, etc.)

* Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor? * Almost the ENTIRE Pacific fleet was stationed at Pearl Harbor; the Japanese felt that if they could cripple the Pacific fleet, it would allow them to move freely throughout the Pacific ocean! The three aircraft carriers of the U.S. Pacific Fleet were out to sea on maneuvers. The Japanese were unable to locate them and were forced to return home with the U.S. carrier fleet intact.

Major Combatants Japan – Fleet of 6 Aircraft Carriers with 423 Aircraft United States – Pearl Harbor Naval/Army Base with: 8 battleships, 8 cruisers, 29 destroyers, 9 submarines, 50 other ships and 390 aircraft.* » 108 Fighter Planes (59 not available for flight) » 35 Army Bombers (27 not available for flight) 993 Army/Navy Antiaircraft Guns

* Tokyo to Oahu= Approx. 3,900 miles (Miami to Seattle is only 3,300 miles!)

* How did the Japanese battle fleet fly nearly 3,900 miles undetected across the Pacific Ocean??? * Six aircraft carriers, two battleships, two cruisers, and nine destroyers traveled under strict radio silence and screened from view by a large weather front! (came within two hundred miles of the Hawaiian Islands)

Oops…USA misses warnings. USA breaks Japan’s codes and learns of the attack. – Word is sent to Oahu, 2 hours too late. USA is using radar for the first time! – Radar picks up lots of planes – Military officers dismiss the radar reports as a flight of B-17 bombers coming from San Francisco. Oops…

The Attack! * Morning of Dec. 7, 183 torpedo bombers and dive-bombers took off from the Japanese fleet (250 miles NW of Hawaii) * The first wave was detected by U.S. Army radar, but was misidentified as USAAF bombers arriving from the American mainland! * The Japanese attacked in two waves (first wave, primary attack – second wave, the finisher!)

The Japanese Attack Force 81 Fighter Planes 135 Dive Bombers 104 Horizontal Bombers 40 Torpedo Planes 5 Midget Submarines

The Attack!

Japan Strikes On Sunday morning, December 7, 1941, the Japanese strike the U.S. military base at Pearl Harbor. Play actual News Bulletin

“Battleship Row” Outside of Ford Island, Pearl Harbor

USS Arizona

Bombing of Wheeler Field

Ford Island

USS Arizona Memorial

Casualties Japan – Less then 100 men – 29 planes – 5 midget submarines United States – 2,335 servicemen killed, 68 civilians killed, 1,178 wounded – 188 planes – 18 ships (8 battleships, 3 light cruisers, 3 destroyers, 4 other vessels)

Ship Causalities Sunk: USS California USS West Virginia Oglala (mine ship) *All later raised and rebuilt. Destroyed: USS Arizona USS Utah USS Oklahoma

Results for American Government * Domestic support for non-interventionism disappeared! * Underground support of Britain was replaced by an active alliance!

December 7, 1941 After the attack the United States declared war on Japan. Listen to President Roosevelt’s Speech To Congress

* What point is the illustrator trying to make?