Module 5 The Enlightenment Period Unit 2 William Blake and Robert Burns History of English Literature 主讲教师：姚丽教授 沈阳理工大学

Enlightenment Period William Blake Robert Burns

William Blake To see a world in a grain of sand And a heaven in a wild flower, Hold infinity in the palm of your hand And eternity in an hour. 一沙一世界， 一花一天堂。 无限掌中置， 刹那成永恒。 —徐志摩 译

William Blake

 Life Born in London Self-taught under his mother ’ s help Starting writing at early age Apprenticing to a well-known engraver Supporting himself as an engraver and illustrator

William Blake Developing religious mysticism Having democratic thoughts under the influence of French Revolution Looking forward to the establishment of an anarchistic society Living his last years in obscurity and died in poverty

William Blake  Literary contributions Forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century Proclaiming the supremacy of imagination over rationalism and materialism of the 18th century Known for his bitter social criticism His themes being influential on the creations of Romantic poets

William Blake His lyrics displaying natural sentiment and individual originality His poetry being infused with mysticism and symbolism Having a lasting influence on children ’ s literature A unique form of illustrated verse

William Blake  Early short lyrics Poetical Sketches 《素描诗集》 Songs of Innocence 《天真之歌》 Songs of Experience 《经验之歌》 The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 《天堂和地狱的合婚》  Later Prophetic Books

William Blake  Songs of Innocence Issues of divine love “Infant Joy” “The Blossom” “Lamb” “The Divine Image”  Songs of Experience The nature of evil “Infant Sorrow” “The Sick Rose” “The Tyger ” “The Human Abstract”

William Blake  Major poems in Songs of Experience “London” “The Chimney Sweeper” “The Tyger” “The Fly”

London I wander thro ’ each charter ’ d street. Near where the charter ’ d Thames does flow And mark in every face I meet Marks of weakness, marks of woe. 我走过每条独占的街道， 徘徊在独占的泰晤士河边， 我看见每个过往的行人， 有一张衰弱、痛苦的脸。

London In every cry of every Man, In every Infants cry of fear, In every voice: in every ban, The mind-forg ’ d manacles I hear. 每个人的每声呼喊， 每个婴孩害怕的号叫， 每句话，每条禁令， 都响着心灵铸成的镣铐。

London How the Chimney-sweepers cry Every blackening Church appalls, And the hapless Soldiers sigh Runs in blood down Palace walls. 多少扫烟囱孩子的喊叫 震惊了每座，黑的教堂， 不幸士兵的长叹 像鲜血流下了宫墙。

London But most thro ’ midnight streets I hear How the youthful Harlots curse Blasts the new-born Infants tear And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse. 最怕是深夜的街头 又听年轻妓女的诅咒！ 它骇住了初生儿的眼泪， 又带来瘟疫，使婚车变成灵柩。

Robert Burns

 Life Born in a poor Scottish Farmer ’ s family Receiving no formal education A great passion for Scottish folk songs Influenced by radical opinions and the French Revolution Bad health due to arduous farm work Living in poverty and died at 37

Robert Burns  Literary contributions The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century A great lyricist, discerning satirist, and master of the verse-narrative technique Contributing some 200 songs to Scots Musical Museum Transmuting traditional folk songs of Scotland into great poetry Calling for national independence and freedom in political verse

Robert Burns  Major works classified by themes “A Red, Red Rose”— love “Auld Lang Syne” —friendship “A Man ’ s A Man for That ”—the hatred for oppression and love for freedom “My Heart ’ s in the Highlands”—love for the motherland “The Tree of Liberty” and “A Revolutionary Lyric” —revolution

Robert Burns  Poems Chiefly in Scottish Dialect Marking an epoch in the history of English Literature “The Cotter ’ s Saturday Night ” “To a Mouse” “To a Mountain Daisy” “Man was Made to Mourn” “Two Dogs” “Address to the Devil” “Halloween”

Robert Burns  Features Peasant origin and close contact with common people Following the old Scotch song tradition in terms of simplicity, humor, directness and optimism Excellent in using diverse stanza forms and styles His poetries being characterized by beautiful lyricism with clear hatred and affection, pleasant humor and acid satire

A Red, Red Rose

O, my luve is like a red, red rose, That ’ s newly sprung in June. O, my luve is like the melodie, That ’ s sweetly play ’ d in tune. As fair art thou, my bonie lass, So deep in luve am I, And I will luve thee still, my dear, Till a ’ the seas gang dry.

A Red, Red Rose Till a ’ the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi ’ the sun! And I will luve thee still, my dear, While the sands o ’ life shall run. And fare thee well, my only luve, And fare thee well, a while! And I will come again, my luve, Tho ’ it were ten thousand mile!

Auld Lang Syne Should auld acquaintance be forgot, And never brought to min ’ ? Should auld acquaintance be forgot, And auld lang snye? For auld lang syne,my dear, For auld lang syne, We ’ ll tak ’ a cup o ’ kindness yet, For auld lang syne. 怎能忘记昨日朋友， 心中能不怀想？ 昨日朋友岂能相忘， 友谊地久天长。 友谊万岁，朋友， 友谊万岁！ 举杯痛饮， 同声歌颂， 友谊地久天长。

Summary William Blake Robert Burns