Solutions Chapter 15. What makes solutions so special? The ocean is a solution. Our cells are made of solutions. Some flavorful foods we love are tasty.

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Presentation transcript:

Solutions Chapter 15

What makes solutions so special? The ocean is a solution. Our cells are made of solutions. Some flavorful foods we love are tasty because of solutions. Solutions have properties that are different from their separate parts…

Is a glass of ice water a solution? Why or why not? Discuss with your neighbor.

Definition: A solution is… a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent and one solute or many solutes. A glass of ice water contains liquid water, H 2 O (l), and solid water, H 2 O (s). Now what do you think? Yes or NO? What are solutions?

A solution is a homogeneous mixture made up of a solvent and solute The solvent is the substance present in the greatest amount.  It does the dissolving. The solute is the substance there is less of.  It is dissolved. A solution can exist as a solid, liquid or gas.  Air is a solution. Steel is a solution called an alloy.

Can anything make a solution? Soluble – describes a solute that can be dissolved into a solvent.  Salt is soluble in water. Insoluble – describes a substance that cannot be dissolved by a solvent.  Sand is insoluble in water. What about two liquids? Miscible – two liquids that are soluble in each other are miscible. Water and alcohol mix. Immiscible – two liquids that do not mix.  Oil and water are immiscible.

How do things dissolve? Dissolving is a physical process.  Polar solvents can “pull” the ions in an ionic compound apart.  For molecules, intermolecular forces are disrupted by the solvent. “Like dissolves like” “Like dissolves like” The process of solute particles being surrounded by solvent particles is called SOLVATION. Metal & NM NM only Cation + & Anion -

Water is the UNIVERSAL SOLVENT! re=player_detailpage&v=EBfGcTAJF 4o

Factors that affect the RATE of solvation Particle Size  The smaller the solute particles are, the faster they will dissolve. Shaken…or stirred  Agitation, shaking or stirring, of the solution increases the rate of solvation Temperature  The higher the kinetic energy of the solvent particles, the faster it can dissolve a solute

Warm-Up: Self Test#1 of 5

Self-Test #1 Answer: F  Oxygen is partially negative Self-Test #2 Answer: B  Concept: aqueous solutions are more dense than water

Rate of Solvation – TAKS Questions

Answers: Rate of Solvation 3. Question #10  Answer: J 4. Questions #16  Answer: F 5. Question #17  Answer: A