Solutions, Acids, and Bases SPS6. Students will investigate the properties of solutions. a. Describe solutions in terms of solute/solvent conductivity concentration b. Observe factors affecting the rate a solute dissolves in a specific solvent. c. Demonstrate that solubility is related to temperature by constructing a solubility curve. d. Compare and contrast the components and properties of acids and bases. e. Determine whether common household substances are acidic, basic, or neutral.

Activator List examples of solutions. What else do you know about solutions?

Solution A mixture that is homogeneous on the molecular level. Example Salt water Gold jewelry Cola

Solute The part that is dissolved in the solvent and is normally the smallest part of the solution. Example Salt in salt water CO2 in cola

Solvent The part of the solution that does the dissolving, normally the largest part of a solution. Example Water in salt water Water in cola

Conductivity The ability of a solution to conduct electricity. A solution with a ionic solute will conduct. Examples Salt water will conduct because it separates into ions. Ethanol dissolved in water will not conduct

Concentration A measure of how much solute is dissolved in the solvent. Example How many grams of a solute is dissolved in 100 grams of water.

Saturated A solution in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved. If more solute is added, it will sit as crystals on the bottom of the container. Example Carbonated water Sugar Kool-aid

Unsaturated A solution can have solute added and dissolved because the solute concentration is lower than its equilibrium. Example Kool-aid that is not sweet Tea that is not sweet enough

Supersaturated A solution that contains more solute than could be dissolved by the solvent under normal circumstances. Example Kool-Aid with sugar at the bottom This is how rock candy is made

Circle the solute(s) 10 karat gold: 10 parts gold and 14 parts silver Kool-Aid: 20 g Kool-Aid mix and 250 g of water Sprite: 90g water, 10 g CO2 and 5 g Sugar Silver nitrate solution: 12g AgNO3 and 100 g of water

Quad Cluster isotope solution solute solvent Which does not belong? Explain why the word in question 1 does not belong. Explain how the other 3 are alike.

What is the following solute or solvent? Drain Cleaner: 3.0g of sodium hydroxide 100g of water

What is the following solute or solvent? Windex: 95% water 5% isopropyl alcohol

What is the following solute or solvent? Sugar water: 5.0g of sugar 100g of water

What is the following solute or solvent? 22 karat rose gold: 92% gold 8% copper

What is the following solute or solvent? Baking soda solution: 6.0g of baking soda 100g of water

What is the following solute or solvent? Steel: 98.5% iron 1.5% carbon

What is the following solute or solvent? Carbonated water: 98.6% water 1.4% carbon dioxide

What is the following solute or solvent? Vinegar: 3% acetic acid 97% water

What is the following solute or solvent? Kool-Aid: 12g of Kool-Aid mix 100g of water

What is the following solute or solvent? Potassium chloride solution: 3.0g of potassium chloride 100g of water.

What is the following solute or solvent? Salt water: 2.0g salt 100g water

What is the following solute or solvent? Bronze: 95% copper 5% tin

What is the following solute or solvent? Potassium iodide solution: 12g potassium iodide 100g of water

Summary Make two solutions of your own and identify the solute in each one.

Activator How can you determine the difference between solute and solvent?

Solubility Lab Put 0.2 g of table salt in two test tubes. Fill each test tube half way with water. Set one test tube in the rack and leave it alone. Put your thumb over the second test tube and count the number of inversions it takes to dissolve the salt in the second test tube. Record your observations in data table 1. Stirring increases solubility

Hot water increases solubility Solubility Lab Put 0.2 g of table salt in three test tubes. 1st test tube: record the temperature of the water at room temperature. Fill the test tube half way, count the number of inversions to dissolve the salt and record your observations in data table. 2nd test tube: repeat above with hot water. Use the funnel to transfer the water and a cork for the inversions. 3rd test tube: repeat above with the cold water. Record your observations. Hot water increases solubility

Solubility Lab Put 0.2 g of table salt in one test tube. Put 0.2 g of table salt in a second test tube. Fill both test tubes with warm water. Count the number of inversions it takes for the salt to dissolve in each test tube. More surface area dissolves faster

Summarizer Which solution would dissolve the fastest? A. Hot water + not stirring + rock salt B. Cold water + not stirring + table salt C. Hot water + stirring + table salt D. Cold water + stirring + rock salt Why would it dissolve the fastest (give 3 reasons)?

Activator Which solution had a faster solubility rate; Inverted or not inverted? Why was that so?

How many grams of a solute is dissolved in 100 grams of water. Solutions Review Term Definition Example Solute The part of the solution that is dissolved in the solvent which is normally the smallest part of the solution. Salt in salt water CO2 in cola Solvent The part of the solution that does the dissolving, normally the largest part of a solution. Water in salt water Water in cola Conductivity The ability of a solution to conduct electricity. A solution with a ionic solute will conduct. Salt water will conduct Ethanol dissolved in water will not conduct Concentration A measure of how much solute is dissolved in the solvent. How many grams of a solute is dissolved in 100 grams of water.

Solubility Rate Review Method to increase solubility Rate Why does this make the solute dissolve faster Stir Increases the collision between solute and solvent molecules. Heat solvent Increases the molecular motion of the solvent molecules which increase the collisions between the solvent and solute molecules. Crush solute Allows the solvent to reach all of the solute molecules because the surface to volume ratio of the solute has been increased.

Activator Identify the solute and solvent Potassium chloride solution: 3.0g of potassium chloride and 100g of water. Take out your lab data sheets.

Concentration of a solute at a given temperature. 1. find the temperature 2. go up to the line 3. go over to the concentration

Solubility Curve

Solubility Curve What is the solubility of NaNO3 at 10⁰C and 22⁰C? What happens to the solubility as the temperature increases? What affect does the temperature have on the solubility of most solutes?

What happens to solubility of a solute as the temperature changes? 1. if the curve goes up it increases 2. if the curve goes down it decrease

Compare the solubility of two solutes at the same temperature. 1. find the temperature 2. go up to the curves 3. which one is the highest?

Is a concentration of a solute supersaturated, saturated, or unsaturated at a given temperature? 1. find the temp and go up to the given concentration 2. above curve = supersaturated on curve = saturated below curve = unsaturated