Acids & Bases …Plus Solutions Review

Solutions Review Can you match the following terms with their definition or example? ____1. SoluteA. Maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a certain amount of a given temperature. ____2. Solvent B. Does not dissolve in solution ____3. Solution C. Sugar in Tea ____4. Solubility D. Water in Kool-Aid ____5. Insoluble E. Brass, Kool-Aid, Air

Solutions When forming a solution there are ways to speed up the rate of the dissolving process. Stirring – More solvent comes into contact with solute Increasing the surface area – breaking up solid, by crushing into smaller pieces or power allow more surface area to be exposed Increasing the temperature – speeds up particles causing them to bump up against each other, breaking them apart and thus increasing surface area again.

Solutions Lab You will be comparing the dissolving rates of salt in your groups. Lab Expectation 1.Read & Follow directions. a.Before asking me ?’s, reread the directions & ask everyone in your group. 2.Work cooperatively with your group a)Stay at your station 3.Clean up afterwards & answer questions as a group a)You will all be responsible for information.

Solutions Lab

Acids & Bases

Question What’s the difference between a proton and a positively charged hydrogen ion? A Protons are neutral and hydrogen ions have a positive charge B Hydrogen ions have one electron and protons don’t have any C Protons weigh more than hydrogen ions D They’re the same thing

Question Which of the following statements is true: A Our stomachs are about as acidic as our blood is basic B Our stomachs are about as basic as our blood is acidic C Our stomachs are far more acidic than our blood is basic D Our stomachs are far more basic than our blood is acidic

Which acid is stronger, hydrochloric or acetic? A Hydrochloric B Acetic C They’re the same strength D Nobody knows Question

A proton deposit customer (an acid) is most similar to ________. A A proton withdrawal customer B An electron withdrawal customer C An electron deposit customer D None of the above Question

If you were to mix a strong acid with a weak base, would they completely neutralize each other? A Yes, always B No, because a weak base cannot neutralize a strong acid C No, because only acids can neutralize acids D There’s no way to tell from the information given Question

Acids & Bases Acid – a substance that produces a hydrogen ions H+ in a solution Properties Taste sour Electrolytes (can conduct electricity) Corrosive React with indicators* to produce color change (predictable) ACIDS RED Example Litmus paper – will turn color (ACIDS RED)

Acids & Bases Base– a substance that produces a hydroxide ions OH- in solution & also accepts H+ from acids Properties In undissolved state, many are crystalline solids In solution, feel slippery Bitter taste Corrosive React with indicators BASES BLUE Example Litmus paper – will turn color (BASES BLUE)

Acids & Bases - Strength Strength Refers to how easy the acid (H+) or base (OH-) dissociates (separates from) in a solution

Acids & Bases - Strength Strong acid – ionizes (releases H+) completely in water Weak acid does not completely ionize in solution Strong base – dissociates completely (releases OH- & accepts H+) in solution Weak base – does not completely dissociate in solution

Acids & Bases - Concentration Concentration Refers to indicate the amount of acid or base dissolved in a solution. Units (Molarity) M Moles* of solute/Liter of solution Can have strong acid/base with low concentrations & vice versa, weak acid/base with high concentration Unit of msmt of amt of substance

pH Measurement of concentration of H+ ions in a solution (how acidic or basic it is) Range 0 – 14