Ming and Qing Dynasties c c

Ming “Brilliant” Dynasty Began when Mongols were removed from power in China, after years of fighting T’ai Tsu – first emperor This dynasty wanted to remove all Mongol influences and restore traditions

Ming Dynasty One of the early objectives of the Ming dynasty was to strengthen the Great Wall of China They encouraged soldiers to move close to the Wall (in Northern China) to protect future attacks from the North The capital city of China was also moved to persuade people to move North. The capital was moved from Nanjing to Beijing

The purple line is the Great Wall of China See the former capital, Nanjing and the new capital, Beijing

Ming dynasty Skilled sailors with solid ships Exploration of foreign lands was originally supported as a means of learning about the world Later all exploration was stopped, enough information was acquired about the outside world Like previous dynasties, the Ming dynasty attempted to keep foreign influences out of the country as much as possible How does this differ from European ideas?

Ming dynasty Trade The Ming dynasty did not originally want China to trade with foreign nations The emperors thought China should be self- sufficient

Ming dynasty Agriculture Advances in agriculture allowed self-sufficiency, for a while New type of rice – harvest time reduced (was 100 days, now 60 days) What difference does this make? FYI FYI Rice is grown in a field covered with water New irrigation pump was invented- operates with the foot Rice paddies (fields) were stocked with fish Two types of food were produced at the same time! Fish ate malaria-bearing mosquitoes!

Agriculture, continued Cotton and indigo were both produced- these were key elements for the creation of a textile industry Trees were planted! To restore the overcut forests To build ships for carrying goods

Ming dynasty Confucianism Traditional philosophy of government Confucius taught virtues that were thought to improve society and to achieve a happy life Five relationships must be obeyed: between ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife, older brother and younger brother, friend and friend Be sincere, polite, and unselfish Obey and respect laws and traditions Work hard and respect learning

Confucius

Ming dynasty Confucian philosophy also divided society into classes based what they produced for society Scholars Farmers Artisans Merchants At the top because these educated individuals could help ensure the government made wise choices The farmers produced food for the country, food is essential for survival Artisans produced useful objects although not essential for survival The merchants did not produce anything, thus at the bottom, they were the businessmen

Ming Dynasty During this time period, Chinese government wanted to be self-sufficient and keep out outside influences. Think for minute and write down if you think Confucianism encouraged self-sufficiency AND why or why not. Share what you wrote with your neighbor Share with the class

Ming dynasty Fall of Ming leads to Rise of Qing Although the Ming emperors strengthened the Great Wall of China in the North, it proved ineffective in the long run In 1644, various tribes of people north of China (in an area called Manchuria) became one organized group- the Manchu The Manchu captured Beijing and declared the birth of a new dynasty, the Qing

The Manchurian people were united in the Northeast portion of the shaded area

Qing “Clear or Pure” dynasty The Manchu were not Chinese BUT they did allow many Chinese traditions to remain Manchu thought they were superior to Chinese Therefore, Chinese were required to wear their hear in a queue The queue was popular among Manchu people The queue when worn by Chinese symbolized the submission to Manchu rule Can you think of another time in history when a group invaded a country and proclaimed themselves superior

The man in this picture is wearing his hair in a queue

Qing dynasty The economy and population grew tremendously during the Qing dynasty Despite desires to keep China a self-sufficient country, trading ports had to be opened Some regions used the cotton and indigo which was grown during the Ming dynasty and started to export cloth Tea and silk were also exported New crops were introduced from Europe and the Americas: peanuts, tobacco, and sweet potatoes

Qing dynasty Scholars flourished during the Qing dynasty New novels and plays were being written and read People were studying literature and language Philosophies and ethics of Confucius was studied

On a separate piece of paper, to hand in, 1)Describe the goal of the Ming dynasty 2)Describe how the Qing dynasty began