PARASITE TRAINING

ZoGuard Plus Protects Against Major Parasites Fleas Adults Eggs Larvae Ticks Mosquitoes Chewing lice

Major Ectoparasites Ticks - Each year, thousands of dogs contract Lyme disease, anaplasmosis and other vector-borne diseases. Dogs are 50 to 100 times more likely than humans to come in contact with disease-carrying ticks. Mosquitoes - globally, the most dangerous animal to humans Chewing lice cause irritation and damage as a result of rubbing, scratching, and biting of infested areas. Heavy infestations may cause severe pruritus, restlessness, intense scratching, a ruffled or rough matted coat and sometimes alopecia. Fleas - hardy and determined: designed to be un-crushable.* * ©Copyright 1996-2007; FLEAS? Never Again! URL http://www.FleaSmart.com

Small wingless, obligate blood-feeding The Flea Insects (6 legs) Small wingless, obligate blood-feeding Life cycle adult spends only short time on host, rest of life cycle in environs Major flea in veterinary medicine Cat Flea (Ctenocephalides felis)

The Flea Life cycle

Diseases Caused by Fleas Flea Allergy Dermatitis Anemia (severe infestations) Tapeworm disease Bartonella

Major ticks in veterinary medicine-Ixodidae The Tick Ticks are second only to mosquitoes as vectors of human and animal disease, both infectious and toxic Arachnids (8 legs) Life cycle feeds on multiple hosts, feeds for long periods of time, rest of life cycle in environs Not mobile, “sit and wait”, grabs on as host touches vegetation where tick is waiting Major ticks in veterinary medicine-Ixodidae Ixodes – deer tick / black legged tick Dermacentor – American dog tick Amblyomma – Brown dog tick Rhipicephalus – Lone Star tick Life cycle has three stages that take blood meals (larva, nymph, adult)

The Tick Life Cycle

Prolific egg layers The Tick Life Cycle Hardin MD/University of Iowa and CDC www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/cdc/5968.html

Tick Disease Transmission Black legged tick (Ixodes scapularis, I. pacificus) Lyme Anaplasma Bartonella Babesia American Dog Tick (Dermacentor variabilis, D. andersonii) RMSF Hemobartonella Ehrlichia Tick Paralysis Lone Star Tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) Cytauxzoonosis Brown Dog Tick (Amblyomma americanum)

Mosquitoes Found in all 50 states 150 different species Each species can carry different types of diseases and will typically breed and feed at different times of the day Only females feed  A flea's mouth has two functions: one for squirting saliva or partly digested blood into the bite, and one for sucking up blood from the host. This process mechanically transmits pathogens that may cause diseases the flea might have. Fleas smell exhaled carbon dioxide from humans and animals and jump rapidly to the source to feed on the newly found host. A flea is wingless so it can not fly, but it can jump long distances with the help of small powerful legs. A flea's leg consists of four parts. The part that is closest to the body is the coxa. Next is the femur, tibia and tausus. A flea can use its legs to jump up to 200 times its own body length. It can also jump about 130 times its own height.      The flea's body is only about one tenth of an inch. A flea's body is constructed to make it easier to jump long distances. The flea's body consists of three regions: head, thorax, and abdomen. The head and the thorax have rows of bristles (called combs) and the abdomen consists of eight visible segments

Rate of development is very dependent on temperature Mosquitoes Life Cycle Rate of development is very dependent on temperature Warmer the temperature, the faster the development Eggs that are laid or adults that emerge late in the season can over-winter

Mosquito-borne Diseases Companion Animal Heartworm West Nile Virus Humans Arboviruses EEE/WEE West Nile Virus Japanese Encephalitis St. Louis Encephalitis LaCrosse Encephalitis Dengue Fever Malaria Lymphatic filariasis Rift Valley Fever Yellow Fever

Chewing Lice Trichodectes canis is a chewing louse found on dogs and wild canids throughout the world and is a vector of the dog tapeworm, Dipylidium caninum. Grasp host hair with their mouthpart and chew with large mandibles resulting in extreme irritation http://www.capcvet.org/capc-recommendations/lice

Chewing Lice Lifecycle A female lays several eggs daily throughout her life which is about 30 days. Eggs (also known as “nits”) are cemented near the base of the hair and hatch in 1 to 2 weeks. Feed on tissue debris

Vector for the dog tapeworm Dipylidium caninum. Chewing Lice Diseases Severe pruritus Restlessness Intense scratching Alopecia (hair losee) Vector for the dog tapeworm  Dipylidium caninum.  http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/dxendopar/parasitepages/cestodes/d_caninum.html