Bell work 1. Take out your bell work. 2. On the next line, write today’s date. 3. On the next line (or lines), copy today’s bell work questions (below). 4. After writing the questions, write your answer in complete sentences. 5. After we review the answer to today’s question, correct your answer if needed, and place your bell work into your folder. We will use the same sheet of paper all week. All bell work from this week must be on one sheet of paper. Bell work will be collected on Friday. What is the major difference between insects and arachnids?

Date 4/2/14 SubjectZoology Learning Goal Discuss distinguishing characteristics of vertebrate and representative invertebrate phyla, and chordate classes using typical examples. Bell work What is the major difference between insects and arachnids? Objective Distinguish major organs in an arthropod Agenda Arthropod direct instruction Arthropod Notes Essential Question What structures are specific to arthropods? Vocabulary exoskeleton, molt, sensory antennae Ticket Out: Completed arthropod notes Homework: Insect wanted poster due Friday 4/4

The body of an insect is comprised of three segments; the body of an arachnid is comprised of two segments Bell work What is the major difference between insects and arachnids?

What other answers would have worked? Insects have six legs; arachnids have eight legs. Insects have compound eyes; arachnids have simple eyes. Insects have antennae; arachnids do not. Many insects have wings; no arachnid has wings. Insects have mandibles; arachnids have chelicerae Insects undergo some form of metamorphosis; arachnids do not.

Insect Wanted Poster (must be an insect) Template on Moodle, but you can use a different format (one sheet of paper, 8.5” x 11”) Must include: – Picture – Scientific name – Common name – Description – Diet – Habitat This week’s homework

What is an insect? Any of numerous usually small arthropod animals of the class Insecta, having an adult stage characterized by three pairs of legs and a body segmented into head, thorax, and abdomen and usually having two pairs of wings. Insects include the flies, crickets, mosquitoes, beetles, butterflies, and bees

REMINDER Dissection tomorrow You must be wearing closed-toe shoes to participate

What’s next? Arthropods

PHYLUM ARTHROPODA General Characteristics Largest phylum (75% all animals) Terr, FW, SW “JOINTED LEGS”

General Morphology Exoskeleton: outside; made of chitin (a fibrous substance that forms the exoskeleton of arthropods) 1. Protection, attachment of muscles, support 2. Molt: Sheds exoskeleton as grows (ecdysis)

3. Body segmented; bilateral symmetry 4. Jointed appendages 5. Dioecious – separate males & females Example: horseshoe crab Female Male identified with an inverted "U" or bell-shaped apron and red- tipped claws. "T" shaped apron and blue- tipped claws.

6. Eyes – 2 types Compound – image forming Simple – detect movement

TYPES Insects - 750,000+ sp Rare in SW; salt marshes (flies, mosquitoes) Have a mandible - a pair of appendages near the insect's mouth; the function is typically to grasp, crush, or cut the insect's food, or to defend against predators or rivals.

Chelicerates – spiders, ticks, scorpions Cephalothorax (prosoma) Fused head and thoracic region Horseshoe Crab “Living Fossil” Has blue blood Soft bottom; shallow water; E. coast of N. Amer has 1 species

Crustaceans – crab, shrimp, lobster Mostly SW Gills to get oxygen Have a green gland - excretory organs in some crustaceans that open at the base of each antenna Appendages specialized for crawling, swimming, mating, feeding

2 pairs sensory antennae

CRUSTACEAN DIVERSITY Small: Planktonic, benthic

Pill bugs (roly poly) Though they're often associated with insects and are referred to as "bugs," pillbugs actually belong to the subphylum Crustacea. They're much more closely related to shrimp and crayfish than to any kind of insect.

Copepods 1-5 mm; planktonic; benthic; abundant (biggest biomass in sea) Transparent; single eye

Sheldon J. Plankton

Barnacles Benthic; sessile; marine Often on whales, turtles, boats, manatees

Heavy, calcareous shell w/shrimp-like crustacean inside Feathery filtering appendages called cirri (legs) humorist.net/animation/barnacle.htm

Acorn Barnacles

Gooseneck Barnacles

Amphipods <2 cm; laterally compressed; curved body

Isopods <2 cm; flattened dorso-ventrally

Parasitic Fish Louse

Giant Isopod

Krill Shrimp-like; to 6cm Filter Feeders Common in polar water; food for baleen whales

DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS “10 LEGS” Largest crustacean group; most advanced Many benthic Common size 5-10 cm (to 20cm) Shrimp, crabs, lobsters

American vs. Spiny Lobster Solitary & aggressive 2 large claws Larger for crushing Smaller for tearing Rock ledges & crevices More social Covered w/spines; lacks large claws Hide in rocks/corals SE US

Blue Crab Lady/ Calico Crab Green Crab (invasive) Crabs

STONE CRAB

Spider Crab

JAPANESE GIANT SPIDER CRAB

DECORATOR CRAB decorate their carapace with bits of algae and invertebrates

Shrimp Exoskeleton thinner than other decapods Rostrum – long spine extending from front of carapace (the hard upper shell) 1 – 8 “

GRASS SHRIMP

MANTIS SHRIMP LARVAE

PEACOCK MANTIS SHRIMP

CLEANER SHRIMP

Mole Crab Hermit Crab

COOL CRUSTACEANS

COCONUT CRAB

YETI CRAB

SHIELD SHRIMP

Crayfish Phylum ArthropodaClass Crustacea Appearance: ~ 7.5 cm (3 in.) long 500 sp in N. Amer. Decapods = 10 legs Exoskeleton = shed w/growth (molting) Looks like small lobster

Behavior: Most active at night Omnivorous scavengers Dig burrows Food in Louisiana, Kentucky, etc Most FW, some SW

Part I: Structures Female Crayfish Male Crayfish 1.Long antennae 2.Short antenna 3.Pincer 4.Eye 5.Mouth 6.Walking leg 7.Carapace 8.Short swimmeret 9.Modified swimmeret 10.Egg pore 11.Long swimmeret

How can you tell the difference between a male and female crayfish? Part I: Structures Male CrayfishFemale Crayfish First pair of swimmerets is modified Bigger pincersSmaller pincers Narrower talesWider tails No egg poresEgg pores Shorter swimmeretsLonger swimmerets

Morphology of a crayfish: edible freshwater crustacean, with pincers on the two forelegs. Claw: ends of the largest of a crayfish limbs. Rostrum: extension of a crayfish's shell. Head: foremost part of a crayfish. Thorax: upper part of a crayfish's body. Abdomen: lower part of a crayfish's body. Exopodite: external part of the uropod. Endopodite: internal part of the uropod. Uropod: swimming appendage of the crayfish. Telson: last segment of the abdomen of a crayfish. Segment: ring of the abdomen of a crayfish. Walking leg: limb of a crayfish used for forward motion. Coumpond eye (stalked eye): complex sight organ of a crayfish. Antennule: small antenna. Cheliped: front leg which ends in pincers. Antenna: organ of touch of a crayfish.

Arthropod Notes The PowerPoint is on my web page Notes worksheet is in your folder