Feeding the World CH 11

 Growing enough food to meet a family’s immediate needs..even livestock  Only make what u need  Use the sun, own labor, and large animals  Practiced in 3 rd world countries and villages  Smaller impact on environment CH 11.1 SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE

Draft Animals- Large animals used to pull equipment Domesticated- Bred for human use SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE

 Most common in wealthy nations  Uses machinery that consumes energy  Uses fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation and causes more waste  Few workers needed  11% of Earth’s land covered in farms  25% used for grazing  Requires large amounts of water  “plantation ag” grow large amounts of a single crop ex: bananas, cocoa, coffee INDUSTRIALIZED AGRICULTURE

Crop Yield- Size of harvest from a particular crop Pasture- Land used for livestock grazing INDUSTRIALIZED AGRICULTURE

Dead Zone- an area in the ocean where marine life cannot survive Plantation agriculture- large scale farm that only grows one crop… usually in tropical areas INDUSTRIALIZED AGRICULTURE

Feedlot- small area where large numbers of livestock are raised Rangeland- grass-covered land that animals can graze on INDUSTRIALIZED ANIMAL PRODUCTION

 Layers of soil  Humus- Layer of soil CH 11.2 PROTECTING SOIL

Siltation- The buildup of soil in an aquatic ecosystem No-till farming – Leaving the soil undisturbed

Contour farming – Planting crops around curves to reduce erosion. Soil is more fertile Shelterbelt – A row of trees planted to help block wind

 Green Revolution- A large increase in crop yields achieved by developing new varieties of plants… ex: Wheat 11.3 WORLD FOOD SUPPLY AND NUTRITION

 Calories  Protein- eggs  Fats- meats  Carbs- sugar  Iron – meat; dark leaves  Calcium - milk  Vitamin C- fruits DIETARY NEEDS

 Not consuming enough fats, carbs, or protein  Leads to anemia, over nutrition, and famine MALNUTRITION

Over nutrition- too much food Famine – not enough food

Farmers markets- local farmers sell their produce Community- supported agriculture- system where members pay farmers weekly SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE- PRODUCING FOOD WITHOUT DEPRIVING FUTURE GENERATIONS EX; ORGANIC

SHADE-GROWN COFFEE Coffee grown in the shade of tropical trees. Reduce cutting trees

Gill and drift netsBy catch 11.5 FISHERIES

 Immature  Overfishing  By catch  Trawl net- long line dragged on ocean floor  Longline- lots of hooks PROBLEM

AQUACULTURE