Neurons: Functional Units of the Nervous System

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Presentation transcript:

Neurons: Functional Units of the Nervous System

Structure of a Neuron Axon Dendrites Soma Synapse Myelin

Neuron Morphologies

Purkinje Cells – by Cajal

Hippocampus Pyramidal Cells

Giant Motor Neuron

The Resting Potential + Na + K+K+ - OUT IN Na + K+K+ K+K+ V m = -70 mV The Na + /K + Pump

Measuring Membrane Voltage Borrowed from:

Ion Channels: Voltage Gated vs. Ligand Gated

K + Channel: Molecular Structure YWEOYyMMDZFvburfsTAG

Comparing Molecular Structures of Na +, Ca ++, K + and Cl - Ion Channels

Action Potentials V m = -70 mV + - OUT IN Na + K+K+ K+K+ K+K+ - OUT IN K+K+ Na + K+K+ K+K OUT IN Na + K+K+ K+K+ K+K+ K+K+ V m = +40 mV V m = -80 mV 0-1, 5 Time (ms)

Conduction of Electrical Impulse

Wave of Depolarization

Saltatory Conduction in Mylenated Axons

The Synapse axo-dendritic synapse axo-somatic synapse axo-axonic synapse

Synapses on a Cell Body

Synapses On a Hippocampal Neuron Visualization of synaptic sites by synaptophysin immunostaining on cultured hippocampal neurons

Structure of the Synapse PSD

Synaptic Transmission Steps: 1.Nerve impulse 2.Ca ++ influx 3.Vesicle fusion/neurotransmitter release 4.Postsynaptic signal transduction 5.Degradation/reuptake

Summation of Post-Synaptic Potentials: Threshold

Excitatory vs. Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Membrane Potentials EPSP IPSP

Excitatory vs. Inhibitory Synapses Excitatory: asymmetrical Inhibitory: symmetrical D: dendrite

Synapse Quiz C A D B E F Word Bank 1.presynaptic cell 2.postsynaptic cell 3.transmitter vesicles 4.synaptic gap or cleft 5.PostSynaptic Density (PSD) 6.mitochondrion

Neurotransmitters in the Brain acetylcholine Amino Acids: Mono-amines: Peptides: Others: glutamateGABA serine serotonin dopamine histamine B-endorphin excitatory inhibitory both

Effects of Cocaine on Dopamine Reuptake Cocaine blocks dopamine reuptake, enhancing the effect of dopamine in the brain’s “pleasure” center