Optimizing Building Designs Through Integrated Engineering Tools Reid Senescu Arup, Engineer Stanford University, PhD Candidate John Haymaker Stanford University, Assistant Professor

Introduction - Arup 8,500+ engineers, designers, planners, management consultants and economists 76 networked offices 34 countries worldwide

“This is an ideal which can never – or only very rarely – be fully realised in practise, but which is well worth striving for, for artistic wholeness or excellence depends on it, and for our own sake we need the stimulation produced by excellence” “...perceive the need, conceive the solution, deliver the result...” “…Total Architecture implies that all relevant design decisions have been considered together… by a well-organised team…” - Sir Ove Arup, Key Speech, 1970 Introduction - Arup

The CIFE mission is to be the world’s premier academic research center for Virtual Design and Construction of Architecture – Engineering – Construction industry projects. Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) is the use of multi- disciplinary performance models of design-construction projects, including the Product (i.e., facilities), Organization of the design - construction - operation team and Work Processes in order to support business objectives.. Introduction – CIFE (Center for Integrated Facility Engineering)

feasibilityconstructionoperationdesign Building Performance Monitoring 4D Construction Planning Collective Decision Assistance Automated Field Instructions Master Planning Design-Fabrication-Integration Integrated Concurrent Engineering Parametric Modeling Introduction – CIFE

Interpreting Integration Broadly… MACDADI - Multi-Attribute Collective Decision Analysis for a Design Initiative Optimizing Building Designs Through Integrated Engineering Tools Chachere, Haymaker

1. What are we optimizing toward? Optimizing Building Designs Through Integrated Engineering Tools

Define the Stakeholders

Define Stakeholder Goals

Define the Stakeholder Preferences

Optimizing Building Designs Through Integrated Engineering Tools 2. How to integrate design decisions with stakeholder goals and preferences?

Optimizing Building Designs Through Integrated Engineering Tools 2. How to integrate design decisions with stakeholder goals and preferences?

Designers Generate Options Concrete Shear Wall Concrete Moment Frame Steel Moment Frame Steel Braced Frame Concrete and Wood Shear Wall Revit Structure allows quick generation of structural schemes

Designers Analyze Options Ayaz, Chachere, Haymaker, Tobias 15 David Mar Design Steel Structure Using Freehand Sketch EHDD Architecture Create Section of Building Using Computer Modeling Jen Tobias Compile Building Components Using Excel Jen Tobias Build LCA Model Using Athena EIE Jen Tobias Compile Building Components Using Excel Jen Tobias Build LCA Model Using Athena EIE Jen Tobias Summarize Results Using Athena EIE Graphs Jen Tobias Create Materials List Using Microsoft Word Steel Inputs Building Section Foundation Sketch Wood Inputs Wood Model (.ATH) Comparison Graphs Steel Model (.ATH) Green Dorm Materials

The Team Makes Informed Decisions Benefit = Analysis x Preference

Interpreting Integration Broadly… MACDADI - Multi-Attribute Collective Decision Analysis for a Design Initiative Optimizing Building Designs Through Integrated Engineering Tools

1.Introduction 2.MACDADI: Motivational Case Studies & Discussion 3. An Interoperability Narrative i.Case Study ii.Relation to Autodesk iii.Discussion Questions A.Options B. Analysis C.Decisions D.Process Transparency x

Options Considered : 2-3 Louver Sizes Total Time: 24 hours Non-Value Added But Required Time: 16 hours Options: GSB Daylighting Case Study Step #TaskSoftware Time Spent on this Step 1Create Revit ModelRevit Architecture? 2 Import 3d.dwg with 3d shapes AutoCAD Clean up geometry AutoCAD Sets layering to match materials AutoCAD Import 3d. Dwg with 2d surfaces and layers AutoCAD Import 3d.dwg Radiance Identify if holes exist, if not skip to 12 Radiance Import 3d.dwg 3D Studio Max Remesh geometry 3D Studio Max Import 3D Studio Max Rendering AutoCAD Import 3d.dwg Radiance Set Sunlight properties, material reflectivity, etc. Radiance Create video QuickTime Discuss lighting video with architect and create new design concept. Discussion 2-3

Options: GSB Daylighting Case Study Less Louvers More Louvers Bohlin Cywinski Jackson

0 Sawtoothes 3 Sawtoothes 6 Sawtoothes

Lighting Energy Use First Cost Operating Costs Options: GSB Daylighting Case Study

With proposed Revit Interoperability Options Considered: 6 to 9 Louver Sizes OR Total Time: 8 hours Non-Value Added But Required Time: 0 hours Options: GSB Daylighting Case Study Step #TaskSoftware Time Spent on this Step 1Create Revit ModelRevit Architecture? 2 Import 3d.dwg with 3d shapes AutoCAD Clean up geometry AutoCAD Sets layering to match materials AutoCAD Import 3d. Dwg with 2d surfaces and layers AutoCAD Import 3d.dwg Radiance Identify if holes exist, if not skip to 12 Radiance Import 3d.dwg 3D Studio Max Remesh geometry 3D Studio Max Import 3D Studio Max Rendering AutoCAD Import 3d.dwg Radiance Set Sunlight properties, material reflectivity, etc. Radiance Create video QuickTime Discuss lighting video with architect and create new design concept. Discussion 2-3

1.Are these numbers representative of the industry? 2.If we explore more of the design space (i.e. more options), will we achieve better designs? 3.Does poor interoperability limit us in exploring that space or are there other more significant factors? Options: Discussion

Analysis: Interviews What is the state of interoperability?

Analysis: How are decisions informed?

How are decisions informed? Tipping Mar, EHDD, &Tobias

Revit Structure Bay Studies LCADesign Environmental Impact Analysis: Improved Interoperability Tipping Mar, EHDD, &Tobias

1.Should decisions be more analysis based or less? Analysis: Discussion Vs.

1.Should decisions be more analysis based or less? 2.How important is interoperability? Analysis: Discussion Khemlani, AECbytes

Revit Structure – Structural Documentation ABS – MEP Documentation Star CD – CFD Analysis Autodesk Architectural Desktop (ADT) ETABS – Structural Analysis Thornburg Office Building Legorreta + Legorreta Architects & Dekker Perich Holmes Sabatini Ltd Interior lighting concept Sunlight studies Decisions: Moving decisions up stream

No Duct Duct Decisions: Moving decisions up stream Duct Layout Optimization: Is a return duct needed? Thornburg Office Building Legorreta + Legorreta Architects & Dekker Perich Holmes Sabatini Ltd

1.Will Parametric BIM mean we make decisions predominantly earlier or later in the design process? 2.Which decisions are best pushed upstream and which pushed downstream? Decisions: Discussion Vs.

Transparency: GSB Mechanical Systems

Can Revit increase transparency? Transparency: GSB Mechanical Systems Double Click to see Design Process Click to See Design Rationale

1. Should we spend more time documenting the reasons behind our decisions? Transparency: Discussion

1. Should we spend more time documenting the reasons behind our decisions? 2. Is transparency good or bad for the design team? Discussion Designer

1. Should we spend more time documenting the reasons behind our decisions? 2. Is transparency good or bad for the design team? 3. Is it Autodesk’s role to track the design process? To guide the design process? 4. Can transparent design processes actually improve the final design? Transparency: Discussion

1. Should we spend more time documenting the reasons behind our decisions? 2. Is transparency good or bad for the design team? 3. Is it Autodesk’s role to track the design process? To guide the design process? 4. Can transparent design processes actually improve the final design? Transparency: Discussion

An Interoperability Narrative Bohlin Cywinski Jackson

Previous structural engineer left to get his PhD. Your boss wants you to take on the structural design of the Graduate School of Business Library. Construction Document Phase just started. The Architect wants you to investigate decreasing the size of a Concrete Moment Frame Beam. The Scenario

Current State

Save information in process map. Future State

Process linked to beam. Click to see Design Rationale

Future State Double Click to Open Subprocess Lateral Structural Design Process

Future State Moment Frame Design Process

Future State Search for improved design processes

To decrease one beam, must increase other beams. Future State

Find dependencies on beam size Future State

MACDADI

Questions? Please fill out survey (last page of handout) Please fill out evaluation (SE 318-1, Reid Senescu) Thank You Optimizing Building Designs Through Integrated Engineering Tools