4SSIE001 – Challenges and Transformations: British Political History Since 1945.

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Presentation transcript:

4SSIE001 – Challenges and Transformations: British Political History Since 1945

Module Leader: Dr Michael Kandiah Institute of Contemporary British History, N.227, 2nd Norfolk Building, Surrey Street, King’s College London, WC2R 2LS. (Office Hours: Most Mondays, , and Wednesdays, Appointments recommended)

Lecture: Labour

Election Result 1945 PartySeatsVotes Labour39311,995,152 Conservative2139,988,306 National Liberal13 Independent11 Ulster Unionist10 Liberal10 Independent Liberal2 Independent Labour Party2 Communist2102,780 Nationalist2 Irish Nationalist2 Independent Labour1 Independent Unionist1 Common Wealth1110,634

The Labour Administrations, ; Prime Minister: Clement Attlee Chancellor of the Exchequer: Hugh Dalton ; Sir Stafford Cripps, ; Hugh Gaitskell, Foreign Secretary: Ernest Bevin, ; Herbert Morrison, 1951 Minister for Health: Aneurin Bevan ; Hilary Marquand, 1951

UK Debt Year Population-UK million Public Net Debt -total percent GDP

Welfare prior to the establishment of the welfare state: The Mediaeval & Elizabeth Poor Law New Poor Law 1834

Age of Austerity Rationing Food Clothing Currency Controls

Economic Challenges Shattered World Economy Shattered European Economy Need to re-establish export markets Need to re-orientate domestic economy to peacetime Need to feed people Need to house people

Establishment of the Welfare State National Health Service Act of 1946 The National Health Services started 1948 Nationalised the hospitals and provided for free universal medical care

Establishment of the Welfare State National Insurance Act of 1946 provided sickness and unemployment benefits for adults, plus retirement pensions. The National Assistance Act of 1948 provided a safety net for anyone not otherwise covered.

Establishment of the Welfare State New Towns Act of 1946

Nationalisations The Transport Act 1947 Nationalised the railway companies: Great Western Railway, London, Midland and Scottish Railway, London and North Eastern Railway and the Southern Railway to form British Railways. Nationalisation of Coal Nationalisation of the Iron & Steel Industry

Relationship with the USA Massive Indebtedness Wartime loans: Lend Lease ended September loan $4.33bn Marshall Aid Devaluation of sterling 1949 Decision of acquire atomic weapons Establishment of NATO

Challenge to the UK’s Global Position Withdrawal from Greece 1947 – the start of the Cold War Withdrawal from India August 1947 Withdrawal from Palestine

General Election of Feb 1950 PartySeatsVotes% Share Labour31513,266, Conservative29712,502, Ulster Unionist10 Liberal92,621, Irish Nationalist2 Independent Liberal1

Labour Korean War Rising Cost of Health Service Resignation of Aneurin Bevan

General Election of Oct 1951 PartySeatsVotes% Share Conservative32113,717,53848 Labour29513,948, Ulster Unionist9 Liberal6730, Irish Nationalist2 Irish Labour1