A History of Western Society CHAPTER 5 The Rise of Rome, ca. 750–31 BCE

ETRUSCANS- ESTABLISHED FIRST PERMANENT SETTLEMENTS PROVIDED ROMANS WITH: ALPHABET, SYMBOLS OF POLITICAL AUTHORITY, TOGA, VAULT, ARCH

Early Roman History LEGEND OF ROME THE REAL STORY DOORWAYS- “CAVE CANEM”

ROME SACKED BY GAULS 390 BCE Gauls (Celts) attack Rome is sacked Legendary expressions What Rome learned

The Roman Republic: Development of Political institutions - patricians/plebeians (plebs) -senate/consuls (praetors acted in place when away) -censors Roman Law- civil law

The Struggle of the Orders Struggle Between Patricians and Plebeians — Plebeians wanted real political representation Plebeians Gained Rights — Gradually, through intermarriage Election of plebeians own officials (tribunes) Tribunes served as representatives of the plebeians and protected the plebeians from arbitrary conduct by the patricians. Could serve as consuls and as senators (the Lician-Sextian laws, 367 BCE, required one of the two consuls be a plebian) The codification of the law (the Law of the Twelve Tables) — plebeians used their leverage in the army to gain these new rights.

PUNIC WARS Hannibal/Carthage Scipio Africanus Rome turns East

Leaders in Rome New Questions?????? Cato the Elder- long for ‘good ol’ days’ Scipio Aemilianus- embraced new life

Marcus Cato: the Traditional Ideal Born as Plebeian High Roman office/consul Practiced clientage Religion

Scipio Aemilianus: Greek Culture and Urban Life -“New Roman” -Greek language/culture

Did Hellenism and the new social customs corrupt the Romans??

A History of Western Society CHAPTER 5-Part 2 The Rise of Rome, ca. 750–31 BCE

Problems in Rome Old Constitution unequal to Rome now Roman senate couldn’t meet needs of Rome Lost control of soldiers/armies putting faith in commanders instead of in Rome. Crassus, Pompey, Caesar= The First Triumvirate Secret alliance

First Triumvirate fell apart Control of Rome?- Civil War Pompey defeated and fled to Egypt Egypt’s problems

Caesar helps Cleopatra Lovers and allies

CLEOPATRA Looked like? Traits Political power

Videos places/egypt/cleopatra/ (4 minutes) (7:38- part 1 on Caesar) (7:50- part 2 on Caesar) (8 min- part 3 on Caesar)