Bell Work January 5, 2015 What were the four main causes of World War 1? 1. 2. 3. 4..

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Bell Work January 5, 2015 What were the four main causes of World War 1?

Bell Work Wednesday, January 6, 2015 List the countries and what side they fought in World War I. Allied PowersCentral Powers

Bell Work January 26, 2015 What is trench warfare? List three conditions of the trenches

Bell Work January 8, 2016 List three main causes the US entered World War I

Bell Work Name four new types of war technology that was used during the war

The Great War: World War I The War to End All Wars “The lamps have gone out all over Europe and we shall not see them lit again in our lifetime.” - British Prime Minister Lord Grey

Long Term Causes of World War I Militarism Alliance Imperialism Nationalism

Map 22.1 European Alliances in 1914 (p. 638)

Balances of Power Triple Entente (Allies) –France –Great Britain –Russia (1917 exit) –United States (1917 entry) Triple Alliance ( Central Powers) –Germany –Austria-Hungary (empire) –- Italy

Short term timeline leading to World War June 28 - Assassination of Francis Ferdinand (and Sophie, his wife) from Austria-Hungary by Serbian rebel name Gavrilo Princip. July 23 - Austria issues ultimatum to Serbia and invades on July 27 July Russians mobilize as Serbia’s ally August 1 - Germany, Austria-Hungary’s ally, declares war on Russia (and Serbia) August 3 - Germany declares war on France (allied with Russia) and invades Belgium August 4 - Great Britain, France’s ally, declares war on Germany

United States remains neutral US president Woodrow Wilson remains neutral during war to protect our trading rights.

U.S. Neutrality under fire The British Blockade submarine (u-boat) warfare Lusitania crisis (May 1915) British liner sunk by German U-boats Economic ties with Britain and France - war time trade and US financing of allied war effort Zimmermann Telegram (1917) Russian Revolution (1917)

The Zimmerman Telegram The Zimmerman Telegram was sent to Mexico from Germany asking them to attack the US. It was intercepted by the British.

Propaganda

Preparedness Greater $ for military spending necessary National Security League National Defense Act: June 1916 Midwest and Western Americans opposed to preparedness (Populists, Progressives, Socialists)

Election of 1916 “He Kept us out of War” Peace efforts had failed Wilson narrowly won January 1917, “Peace without Victory” Speech April 1917, Wilson asked for declaration of war.

Mobilization in the USA War Industries Board coordinated production and price controls Food Administration (Herbert Hoover) voluntary efforts to conserve food for soldiers Financing - Liberty Bonds

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Wartime Public Opinion Committee on Public Information - propaganda agency in America (George Creel) “do your bit” for the war Hate the Hun, Liberty Cabbage, Salisbury Steak, Can the Kaiser

Military Service Selective Service Act (1917) draft: 2.8 million draftees, 2.9 million volunteers Eventually 2 million were sent to Europe Blacks - 400,000 served

American Society Women took mens jobs while men were “Over There” led to Nineteenth Amendment Mexicans - left Mexico (upheaval and revolution) and took jobs in American West Blacks - Great Migration to northern cities for job opportunities and to escape poverty

Fighting the War New style of warfare: mechanized –Machine guns –tanks –long-range, heavy artillery –poison gas (various types) –Trench warfare (not entirely new) –“No-Man’s Land” –Hand grenades

Other factors after US entry Russian revolution and withdrawal allowed Germany to focus on Western front entirely Naval shipping losses = huge. Led to “Convoy System” and record ship construction

Pershing’s Crusaders: The Doughboys American Expedition ary Force (AEF) General John J. Pershing

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American Troops on the Western Front, 1918

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Approximate Comparative Losses in World War I

Winning the Peace: The Versailles Peace Conference Paris and Palace of Versailles Big Four: –Woodrow Wilson (USA) –David Lloyd George (GBR) –Georges Clemenceau (FR) –Orlando Vittorio (IT) Russia excluded Defeated powers humiliated Wilson’s 14 points the major proposal

Wilson’s 14 Points To “make the world safe for democracy” #1-5 - international law recommendations # European boundary restructure #14 - League of Nations

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