Delete this slide before you present! Follow these directions to add your own photo background into the presentation: Click the slide that you want to add a background picture to. To select multiple slides, click a slide, and then press and hold CTRL while you click the other slides. On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. Click Fill, and then click Picture or texture fill. Do one of the following: – To insert a picture from a file, click File, and then locate and double-click the picture that you want to insert. – To paste a picture that you copied, click Clipboard. – To use clip art as a background picture, click Clip Art, and then in the Search text box, type a word or phrase that describes the clip that you want, or type all or part of the file name of the clip. To include clip art that is available on Microsoft Office Online in your search, select the Include content from Office Online check box, click Go, and then click the clip to insert it. Do one of the following: – To use the picture as a background for the slides that you selected, click Close. – To use the picture as a background for all of the slides in your presentation, click Apply to All. NOTES To adjust a picture's relative lightness (brightness) or the difference between its darkest and lightest areas (contrast), in the Format Background dialog box, click the Picture pane, and then choose the options that you want. To have text appear on top of the picture, add a text box. On the Insert tab in the Text group, click Text Box, and then drag to make it the size that you want. Enter your text in text box.

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE Presenter company 2 Insert Your Logo Here

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE Today we will discuss… –Uses of aggregates –Aggregate demand –Mining of aggregate –Reclamation 3

presenter ? years in the construction materials industry Previously Managed operations ?? Currently, ?? My Son ?? Is a member of your class and invited me?? 4 AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE

company ? Operations in the area Previously Managed operations ?? Currently, manage ?? 5

Mining – Then & Now What differences do you notice between these pictures? Often times people think of miners they often imagine old coal miners digging underground. Mining has changed a lot since then – no more donkeys! Today, aggregate miners work above ground, wear extensive safety gear and use highly technical mining equipment.

AGGREGATEAGGREGATE BY R A I L Insert Your Logo Here

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE Why Am I Here? I understand that you are studying mining and minerals It is my pleasure to give you a look inside a local aggregate mine Provide some insight about why mining is important 8

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE Why is Mining Necessary? “If it can’t be grown, it must be mined” –The food we eat, clothes we wear and many products we use come from farming of some sort ?? Other examples –But many of the things we depend on require products that are mined e.g. cell phones, batteries, pencils, cars, watches, televisions 9

The NEED for Minerals

Infographic on aggregates in the household

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE AGGREGATE DEMAND Over 2 Billion tons produced annually in the US 7 tons/person/year consumed in the US Western US – 10 +/- tons/year consumed 12

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE Aggregate Products So what do we make with aggregate? –Crushed stone –Sand and gravel –Cobbles and boulders –Expanded and light weight aggregates

Sand MaterialCrushed Stone Decorative Rock Boulders Rip-Rap

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE Utilization of Aggregates Uses –Concrete (80% aggregate) Manufactured concrete products –Tilt up or precast structures –Concrete blocks –Concrete pipe –Lightweight floors and walls –Asphalt (95% aggregate) Roads Roofing shingles –Base course – Structural support for concrete and asphalt –Drainage Underlay for athletic fields, tracks, golf courses Erosion Control French drains –Sea shore protection 15

Typical section for a flexible pavement Typical section for a rigid pavement Wikipedia.com

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE Utilization of Aggregates Concrete –The first use of a cementious material (concrete) can be traced to the Great Wall of China in 300 BC –The Romans built the Pantheon in 120 AD with concrete –Roman concrete utilized volcanic dusts to bind the mixture together –Today, houses, hospitals, schools all require concrete which consists of 80% aggregate 17

Aggregate in Concrete

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE Utilization of Aggregates Asphalt –Approximately 40,000 tons to construct 1 lane mile of interstate highway 19

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE Aggregate Quality Not all rock is good aggregate –Must meet certain specifications for Hardness Shape Size Chemical resistance –So aggregate must be mined that meets these requirements Geology of an aggregate mine –And – where it is accessible by the market 21

Truck, Rail Water

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE MINING Crushed stone (hard rock) –Drill and blast Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary –Excavation Front end loader Shovels Excavator 23

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE MINING Sand and Gravel (alluvial) –Excavation Front end loader Dragline Clam shell Dredge Hydraulic scrapper 25

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE MINING Transportation to the plant –Truck Rigid frame Articulated –Overland Conveyor –Slurry pump 27

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE PROCESSING Screens –Inclined or flat Scalping Sizing 29

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE PROCESSING Washing –Wet screens Sizing Dewatering 30

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE RECLAMATION What happens when the mining is finished? What can be done with a hole in the ground? 31

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE RECLAMATION Reform Reuse Rehabilitate Restore Recover 32

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE RECLAMATION Primary mining objective – “To return the land to beneficial use” 33

Reclamation This is where you can make this your own unique presentation! Insert slides from sites you and your company have reclaimed. Do these children play soccer on a reclaimed mine site? Is the local golf course located on what was once an aggregate mine? Are the wetlands down the street a former mine site? If you do not have resources available to add your own photos, you can insert photos from the appendix. You will find the appendix at in the Members Only section at

AGGREGATES IN OUR LIFE “IF IT CAN’T BE GROWN IT MUST BE MINED”