Why did the USA & USSR become rivals? Lo – to consider effects of Hiroshima & Nagasaki. `

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Presentation transcript:

Why did the USA & USSR become rivals? Lo – to consider effects of Hiroshima & Nagasaki. `

th August – the atomic bomb kills 78,000 Japanese people in Hiroshima 9 th – 74,000 killed in Nagasaki Stalin was angry that Truman had not told him at Potsdam about the atom bomb Believed it was a betrayal of trust

By 1949 the USSR had developed its own bomb Meant ‘could’ be nuclear destruction – instead there was a series of tense confrontations Could argue the nuclear bomb stopped the Cold War becoming hot (M.A.D)

THE USSR & EASTERN EUROPE – The Iron Curtain End of WW2 the Soviets liberated countries from the Nazis Replaced it with Soviet occupation Communist Govts loyal to Stalin took power in Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary & Romania

Stalin also took control of the police, army & radio stations in these areas He arrested & murdered political opponents These moves alarmed Churchill. In March 1946 (Fulton,USA) he described the division between East & West as an ‘Iron Curtain’

THE IRON CURTAIN On one side was the one party, communist states of the East On the other, were the capitalist democracies of the West. Churchill wanted to convince the US to prevent the spread of Communism Stalin claimed this speech was a declaration of war.

THE IRON CURTAIN

THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE 1947 – Communists threatening to take Greece & Turkey (GB could no longer help Greece) March 1947 – President Truman declared he would help any nation threatened Communism (Truman doctrine) He said the countries of Eastern Europe had been forced into Communism Also that it was the USA’s duty to protect democratic countries They gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid – which helped defeat the Communists

THE MARSHALL PLAN 1947 – general George Marshall visited Europe Came up with the Marshall plan. The aim was to help Europe recover from WW2 and resist communism. Also meant a strong Europe could trade with the USA again.

THE MARSHALL PLAN At first congress hesitated Feb 1948 – Stalinists seized power in Czechoslovakia Congress approved Marshall aid on 31 st March 1948.

Marshall Aid Set up a fund of $15 billion 16 nations asked for help – GB & West Germany included Aid often arrived in the form of goods – machinery & fertilisers Industrial production increased in Western Europe (by 25%) and communist influence fell in France & Italy

DOLLAR IMPERIALISM Stalin called the Marshall plan “Dollar imperialism” He claimed the USA was trying to build an Empire His fear and suspicion intensified divisions in Europe

COMINFORM 1947 – communist leaders all over the world were summoned to a conference in Warsaw Cominform was created – Communist Information Bureau Was designed to spread & protect communism from US agression

1948 – Stalin ordered Cominform to expel Tito (leader of Yugoslavia – because he would not do what he was told) Stalin wanted control & no opposition

COMECON 1949 – USSR introduced the Molotov Plan This established the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) This linked the USSR with Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania & East Germany US – saw Comecon & Cominform as serious threats – relations got worse !