Get out Reproductive System diagrams from yesterday WEDNESDAY, APRIL 20, 2016

LEQs What are the structures and functions of the male reproductive system? What are the structures and functions of the female reproductive system?

Male Reproductive System NOTES

Function of Male Repro. Sys. Produce and maintain sex cells (sperm) Transport sperm and fluid outside Secrete male sex hormones

Primary sex organs (gonads) = Testes Produce sperm and male sex hormones

Sperm Male sex cell Contains 23 chromosomes When joined w/ egg, forms zygote, which has 46 chromosomes Mature sperm is tadpole shaped

Male accessory organs - Internal Epididymis –where sperm matures

Male accessory organs - Internal Vas deferens –tube that connects epididymis to ejaculatory duct

Male accessory organs - Internal Prostate gland –secretes thin, milky substance that helps sperm swim

semen Not an organ Fluid the urethra carries to the outside during ejaculation Consists of sperm and secretions from seminal vesicles, prostate gland and bulbourethral glands

semen pH approx. 7.5 Includes prostaglandins and nutrients Approx 2-5 mL released at a time Approx. 120 million sperm / mL

Accessory Organs - External Scrotum –protects and helps regulate temp. of testes Penis – cylindrical organ that carries semen and urine through urethra to outside; carries semen into vagina during intercourse

Male Hormones Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Gonadotropins: Luteinizing hormone (LH) – promotes development of testicular interstitial cells; secreted by anterior pituitary gland Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) – stimulates response to testosterone; secreted by anterior pituitary gland Androgens = male hormones; produced mainly in testicular interstitial cells Testosterone – responsible for development of male secondary sex characteristics

Male Secondary Sex Characteristics 1.Deepening voice 2.Increased hair growth on the body 3.Enlargement of skeletal muscles 4.Increased density of skeleton

Friday, April 22, 2016 Turn in homework in blue basket get ready to finish reproductive system notes

LEQs What are the structures and functions of the male reproductive system? What are the structures and functions of the female reproductive system?

Female Reproductive System NOTES

Functions Produce & maintain female sex cells (eggs or oocytes) Transport eggs to the site of fertilization Provide favorable environment for developing offspring Move offspring to outside Produce female sex hormones

Primary sex organs = ovaries Function – produce eggs A female is born with as many eggs as she will have in her lifetime; approx. 400,000 present at puberty and released over a lifetime

Eggs & ovulation Eggs have 23 chromosomes Ovulation – process of egg being released from a follicle; triggered by hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland

Internal accessory organs Uterine tubes: a.k.a fallopian tubes or oviducts; connects ovaries and uterus

Internal accessory organs Uterus: where a fertilized egg develops; nonpregnant is about 7 cm long, 5 cm wide and 2.5 cm in diameter; during pregnancy can grow to 1000x this size; Body = upper 2/3 of uterus Cervix = lower 1/3; opens into the vagina

Internal accessory organs Vagina = fibromuscular tube that extends from uterus to outside Conveys uterine secretions, receives erect penis during intercourse provides channel for offspring during birth Hymen covers vaginal orifice

Female sex hormones Estrogens = estradiol, estrone, and estriol; primary source is ovaries; develop & maintain female secondary sex characteristics Progesterone – ovary is primary source; promotes changes in uterus during cycle, affects mammary glands and helps regulate secretion of gonadotropins from anterior pituitary gland Androgens (male sex hormone) are present and cause increased hair growth at puberty

Mammary glands Accessory organ that secrete milk following pregnancy

Female Secondary Sex Characteristics 1.Axillary / pubic hair 2.Widening pelvis 3.Development of breasts 4.Onset of menses (anywhere 8-14 years old)

Remainder of class Grab a text book Get a copy of the Fetal Development Assignment follow directions answer on your own paper