The Cold War: Superpowers face off The end of one war causes another…

Cold War America Upset with Stalin Non-aggression pact Soviet Union Upset with Roosevelt Waited too long to open a second European front 50 times as many casualties as America Mass destruction of Soviet Cities unlike America

An Attempt at settling old disputes Yalta Meeting between United States, Soviet Union, and Great Britain Divide Germany into military zones Free elections in Soviet occupied countries in Eastern Front United Nations 11 member security council Veto power designed to protect 5 core members Britain, China, France, United States, and Soviet Union Military

Iron Curtain Soviet Union Shield itself from future invasions 50 times the casualties as America Destruction of Soviet Cities As Soviets pushed the Nazi’s back the occupied several countries in Eastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Hungry, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland, Yugoslavia East Germany Ignored Yalta Conference and installed communist puppet governments

Truman Steps in Roosevelt April 12, 1945 Truman Replaced Roosevelt Push Stalin for free elections in Eastern Europe Stalin Refuse Communist and capitalist countries can’t exist in the same world.

Containment Policy to stop Soviet Expansion and limit their influence Truman Doctrine Support countries that reject communism Turkey and Greece $400 million Marshal Plan Rebuild Europe Create a pro American Environment

Alliances NATO: 1949 America and 11 western European countries that have democracies Protect against communist threat Warsaw Pact: 1955 Soviet Union and Eastern Block countries Protect against capitalistic societies

Arms Race 1945 America and the Atomic Bomb 1949 Soviets test their own Atomic Bomb 1952 America tests Hydrogen Bomb 1953 Soviets test Hydrogen Bomb Brinkmanship $$$

Space Race and Money 1957 Soviets Launch sputnik satellite 1958 America launch Explorer 1 satellite 1959 Soviet probe reach moon 1961 Soviets first man to orbit earth 1961 First American in Space 1962 First American to orbit Earth 1963 First soviet woman in space 1965 Soviets probe fly past mars 1969 Apollo first American on the Moon

Korea 38 th Parallel Above the 38 th parallel Japanese surrendered to Soviets Below the 38 th parallel Japanese surrender to America 1949 America and Soviets Remove most of their troops Soviets want to help North Korea Unite their country Send weapons, supplies, and Money June 25, 1950 North Korea cross 38 th Parallel United Nations South Korea ask UN for help Soviets boycott meeting over Taiwan (democratic country that was once part of china) UN send forces under control of MacArthur (American General) Push North Korea back almost to Chinese border China Felt threatened Push MacArthur back below 38 th Parallel Ask for Nuclear intervention 1953 Peace treaty sets border back to 38 th Parallel

Vietnam French Colony Nationalistic Movement Ho Chi Minh Fought Japanese supported by Communists After War expected to earn independence Instead French Rule re-instated War breaks out French vs. nationalist Dien Bien Phu French defeated Peace Split nation Communist North Ho Chi Minh Democratic? South Ngo Dinh Diem

Domino Theory America will support the “democratic” south Ngo Dinh Diem Becomes a harsh dictator Upset number of South Vietnamese Vietcong: supported by the North and Soviets In the 50’s America gets drawn into the war to help protect the fall of South Vietnam to Vietcong Late 60’s Nixon and Vietnamization 1973 America pulls out

Afghanistan 1950’s Soviet influence in country increases 1970’s Muslim revolt threatened to topple Afghanistan's communist government Soviets invade in 1979 Mujahedeen (holy warriors) Supported by American money and weapons Osama bin laden 1989 Soviets pull out And so does America leaving the Mujahedeen in charge. Upset abandoned by America felt used as a tool against soviets.