SOLUTIONS Chapter 12

Solution Chemistry

Solution Chemistry Molarity is also known as the concentration of a solution and is expressed for example, as 4.0M or [4.0]. It is defined as the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution. Molarity (M) = amount of solute in moles = mols solute volume of solution in liters liters solution PRACTICE: What is the approximate concentration of 116 grams of NaCl when dissolved in enough water to make 3.0 liters of solution? ATTEMPT THIS CALCULATION. I WILL CHECK FOR IT DURING NEXT NOTEBOOK GRADE!

Solution Chemistry

Solution Chemistry Solubility: the amount of a substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature. Solubility curve: a graphic representation of the variation with changing temperature of the solubility of a given substance in a given solvent. Trends in solubility of substances: at higher temperatures, gases are LESS soluble. At higher temperatures, solids are MORE soluble in liquids. Supersaturated solutions: a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions.

Solution Chemistry Colligative properties of a solution are defined as properties of a solution that depend on the concentration of solute particles but not on their identity. Soluble vs insoluble & miscible vs immiscible === tomAYtoe vs tomAHtoe! A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase meaning it has the same composition and properties throughout. A suspension is a mixture where particles are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated. A colloid is a mixture where particles are intermediate in size between those in solutions and Suspensions. Colloids exhibit the Tyndall effect and this is where light is scattered by colloidal properties.

Solution Chemistry

Solution Chemistry What is Brownian motion? Of the three types of solutions, which do its particles settle out upon standing? Of the three types of solutions, which can be separated by filtration? A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electricity is called ___________________. A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct electricity is called ___________________. What three things can be done to a solute to increase the rate of dissolution? (407 – 408)

Solution Chemistry The ____________ of a substance is the amount of that substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature. Look at the solute-solvent interactions on page 411 and figure 9. Note the arrangement of the molecules. ___________ is the rapid escape of a gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved. When a solute particle is surrounded by solvent molecules, it is said to be __________. What law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid?

Solution Chemistry Are toluene and water miscible or immiscible? Why do you think this is? “______ dissolves ______” meaning that the types of bonding or intermolecular forces present in a solution determine solubility. Water is a polar substance therefore is expected to dissolve ________ solutes. ________ compounds are not soluble in nonpolar solvents. What are some examples of non polar solvents? (411) So then can you explain the oil droplets that form in some types of salad dressing? (like Italian)