Priorities in the development of spectrometers for IBR-2М D.P.Kozlenko FLNP JINR, Dubna, Russia

IBR-2 Spectormeters Complex Diffractometers: HRFD, DN-2, DN-12, SKAT/Epsilon Small Angle Scattering Spectrometer: YuMO Reflectometers: REMUR, REFLEX Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectrometers: NERA-PR, DIN-2PI New spectrometers projects under realization: Fourier Stress Diffractometer (completed by 75 %) DN-6 diffractometer for studies of crystal and magnetic structure of microsamples GRAINS – Multifunctional Reflectometer

In accordance to the Recommendation of 27 th PAC Meeting (21-22 January 2008), the instruments upgrade planning for IBR-2M was discussed at Meetings of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Department of Neutron Scattering Investigations of Condensed Matter at FLNP JINR Research program, its actuality and attractiveness for JINR Member States Team Technical parameters of the spectrometer and its compliance with the parameters of IBR-2M reactor with cold moderators Comparison of the spectrometer technical parameters with available instruments in other neutron centers Schedule of the project realization Financial resources needed Criteria for consideration:

First Priority: 1. DN-6 diffractometer project for studies of crystal and magnetic structure of microsamples (under extreme conditions), approved by PAC in GRAINS – Multifunctional reflectometer project, approved by PAC in 2007 (with partial support from BMBF and HAS) SKAT/EPSILON diffractometers: projects with external support from BMBF Second Priority: Modernization of the available IBR-2 spectrometers to improve its technical parameters and extend sample environment: FSD, HRFD, REMUR, REFLEX YuMO, DN-2, NERA-PR, DIN-2PI

Neutron Diffraction at High Pressures: Modern State-of-Art Technique, actively developed at world neutron centers DN-6 Project: High intensity neutron diffractometer for studies of crystal and magnetic structure of microsamples under extreme conditions (high pressures, variable temperatures) ISIS (UK) – Pearl LANSCE (USA): HIPPO IBR-2 (Russia): DN-12 PSI (Switzerland): under development SNS (USA): under development Team: FLNP JINR – Dr. D.P.Kozlenko, Dr. B.N.Savenko, S.E.Kichanov, E.V.Lukin, S.E.Pankov, Dr. E.S.Kuz’min, Dr. A.P.Sirotin, A.N.Chernikov RRC KI (Moscow) – Prof. V.A.Somenkov, V.P.Glazkov PNPI RAS (Gatchina) – A.P.Bulkin LLB (France): G6.1 ILL (France): under development FRM-2 (Germany): under development IR-8 (Russia): DISK

New high intensity diffractometer DN-6 will replace the DN-12 spectrometer operated at the lowest neutron flux beamline 12 The expected gain of neutron counting rate:  50 1 м1 м 32 м 8 м8 м Background chopper Neutron guide Detector system

Technical parameters of the DN-6 Neutron flux at sample position 1  10 7 n/cm2/s Distance: Moderator-sample Sample-detector 31.5 m 0.5 m Neutron wavelengths range Å Scattering angles range (2  )  D-spacing range Å Resolution  d/d (d=2 Å) 2  =90  :  =45  : Solid angle of the detector system 0.78 sr Sample volume ~ mm 3 Pressure range 40 GPa (diamond anvils) 10 GPa (WC anvils) 7 GPa (sapphire anvils) Temperatures range K (CCR) K (external electric heater) K (laser heating system)

Model element of ZnS detector Comparison between neutron diffraction patterns of Ni, collected with 3 He detector and ZnS model element at DN-12, normalized to solid angle The neutron diffraction patterns of Pr 0.44 Sr 0.56 MnO 3 measured at P = 0, 1.9 and 4.8 GPa, T = 16 K at the scattering angles 2  = 90° and 45.5° (inset)at the DN-12 diffractometer (prototype of DN-6) and processed by the Rietveld method.

DN-6 diffractometer at IBR-2M G6.1 diffractometer at LLB (France) Pearl diffractometer at ISIS RAL (UK) d-spacing range Å3-60 Å Å Resolution  d/d0.014 (2  =90  ) CapabilitiesCrystal and magnetic structure simultaneously Magnetic structure only Crystal structure only Pressure range40 GPa (diamond anvils) 10 GPa (WC anvils) 7 GPa (sapphire anvils) 20 GPa (diamond anvils) 7 GPa (sapphire anvils) 10 GPa (WC anvils) Temperature range K1.5 – 300 K80 – 1500 K Capabilities of the DN-6 diffractometer at IBR-2M reactor in comparison with analogous diffractometers available in other European neutron centers

Condensed Matter Physics: The pressure- and temperature- induced structural and magnetic phase transitions in materials (complex oxides, intermetallics, etc). Multiferroic materials under extreme conditions Low dimensional magnetism and magnetic frustration under extreme conditions Nanostructured materials under extreme conditions Pharmacology and medicine: Polymorphic phase transformations in active pharmaceutical ingredients under mechanical load used in tableting processes Materials science Structural characterization of novel materials synthesized under extreme conditions (hydrogen storage materials, oxide materials for solid state fuel elements, magnetic storage, spintronics). Geophysics and Mineralogy: Determination of the crystal and magnetic structure parameters of minerals, especially containing oxygen and magnetic atoms like Fe at the pressure and temperature conditions of the Earth deep interior. Study of structural, magnetic and spin state transitions in minerals under extreme conditions to explore their relationship with geophysical phenomena and Earth models.

Collaboration: IMP UB RAS (Yekaterinburg), ISSP (Chernogolovka), HPPI (Troitsk), MSU (Moscow) A.Mickiewicz University (Poznan, Poland) Institute of Physics ASCR, Technical University (Prague, Czech Republic) Institute of Solid State and Semiconductor Physics (Minsk, Belarus) Bavarian Geoinstitute (Bayreuth, Germany) Laboratoire Leon Brillouin (Saclay, France) Seoul National University (Korea) ISIS, RAL (UK) Budget Chopper – 10 kUSD Neutron guide (leading part) – 240 kUSD Neutron guide (tail part) – 500 kUSD Mechanical part – 300 kUSD ZnS scintillation detector system – 350 kUSD Electronics, data acquisition system – 50 kUSD Total: 1450 kUSD

Activities in : - Technical design -Conceptual design -Background chopper -Leading part of the neutron guide (mirrors, vacuum casing), start of fabrication Total: 150 kUSD Planned activities to develop initial configuration ( ) - Leading part of the neutron guide (mirrors, vacuum casing), completion - Mechanical part of the diffractometer, start of fabrication -ZnS scintillation detector system, start of fabrication Total: 250 kUSD Completion of the project ( ) -Mechanical part of diffractometer, completion -ZnS scintillation detector system, completion -Tail part of neutron guide (mirrors, vacuum casing) - fabrication -Electronics and data acquisition system Total: 1050 kUSD

Multifunctional neutron reflectometer with horizontal sample plane at the IBR-2M reactor, channel 10 GRAINS (GRAzing Insidence Neutron Scattering) Co-spokesmen from JINR Dr. M.V.Avdeev (JINR), Dr. V.V.Lauter-Pasyuk (JINR) Co-spokesman from Germany Dr. H. Lauter (ILL) FLNP JINR - Dr. V.I.Bodnarchuk, Prof. V.L.Aksenov, M.N.Jernenkov, S.P.Yaradaykin PNPI RAS - Dr.V.A.Ul’yanov, Prof.V.A.Trounov, Dr.V.T.Lebedev Contact organizations Germany: Martin Luther University, GKSS, TU Muenchen, FZ Jeulich Hungary: RISSP HAS Romania: CFATR Timisoara Branch RAS, INCDIE ICPE-CA Ukraine: Kiev National University Slovak Republic: IEP SAS JINR – BMBF – HAS Cooperation

* 3D reflectometry: Specular Reflection + Off-Specular Scattering + GISANS Angular encoding Development of new neutron methods at long-pulsed cold sources * Reflectometry from liquid-containing interfaces * Angular encoding with Larmor precession of neutron spin GRAINS main features n Lauter H., Toperverg B., Lauter-Pasyuk V., Petrenko A, Aksenov V., Physica B, 350 (2004) E759 Wavelength encoded intensity map of direct beam (lower trace) and reflected beam (upper trace) in TOF of a Polymer-multilayer LP device switched off LP device switched on

GRIANS scientific tasks Magnetic fluids: stability at interface fluid/container; surface phenomena in magnetic field (interface fluid/air); real time growth of surface magnetic heterostructures (interface fluid/substrate) Polymers: block co-polymers at liquid/liquid interfaces; polymer networks at interfaces; polyelectrolyte multilayers at the solid/liquid interfaces; adhesion of sheared solutions to solid interfaces (lubrication); non-magnetic and magnetic nanoparticles in polymer films oil water Phospholipids: in-situ adsorption of phospholipid layers to solid-liquid interfaces; structure of lipid and lipid/protein monolayers on the surface surfactant magnetite MF

GRIANS principle scheme Top view Side view

GRAINS conceptual design

Expected parameters Wavelength interval reflectometry regime0.5 – 10 Å Larmor precessionup to 20 Å Grazing angles 3-25 mrad Q-interval1  – 0.6 Å -1 Angular resolution % Maximal sample size50  50 mm 2 Neutron flux (reflectometry regime) = 1 Å2.2  10 6 cm -2 c -1 Å -1 = 10 Å1.0  10 5 cm -2 c -1 Å -1 total3.0  10 6 cm -2 c -1 Deflecting mirrorSM (m=2) PolarizerSM (m=2) AnalizerFan-type, SM (m=2) DetectorPSD 3 He, 20  20 cm 2, resolution 2  2 mm 2 Comparable with REMUR IBR-2 (TOF, vertical sample plane); complement this set-up with respect to different sample plain.

Current state Plan for ) Head part 2) Collimating system (including adjusting slits and support) 3) Mirror deflector 4) Mirror polarizer 5) Dismantling of the current equipment and irradiation shielding at channel 10 Results of ) Technical requirements 2) Conceptual design 3) Technical design 4) Modeling and optimization (VITESS)

GRAINS: Required budget Technical design70 kEUR Head part50 kEUR Collimating system50 kEUR (inc. support, slits, mechanics) Vacuum system40 kEUR Deflecting mirror40 kEUR Polarizing mirror40 kEUR Multichannel analyzer50 kEUR Position-sensitive detector 80 kEUR Background chopper60 kEUR Spin-flippers10 kEUR Control system50 kEUR Sample holder30 kEUR Goniometers, tune tables80 kEUR TOTAL: 650 kEUR (975 kUSD) COVERING: BMBF kEUR; HAS - 80 kEUR; JINR kEUR Starting configuration Completion Sample environment 250 kEUR (incl cryostat, magnet) Special polarization system 80 kEUR Electronics and software170 kEUR TOTAL: 500 kEUR (750 kUSD)

EPSILON- MDS SKAT Geological materials: strain / stress and texture. SKAT/EPSILON-MDS projects (with external support from BMBF)

2. Construction of a second detector ring at SKAT with 2θ = 65 deg. Period of realization: 2007 – Aim: Expansion of the accessible d-range up to 6.5 Å. Planned costs: 40,000 EUR 1. Change of the neutron guide at beam line 7A Period of realization: 2007 – Aim: increasing of the neutron intensity at the sample position (>10). Planned costs: ≈ 1000 kEUR SKAT/EPSILON-MDS projects

Second Priority: Modernization of the available IBR-2 spectrometers to improve its technical parameters (neutron counting rate, effect to background ratio, neutron beam polarization): FSD, HRFD, REMUR, REFLEX YuMO, DN-2, NERA-PR, DIN-2PI FSD – Completion of detector system HRFD- Development of new ZnS scintillation system, electronics for correlation analysis REMUR – Development of polarization analyser, beam chopper, software REFLEX – development of new electronics, software YuMO – modernization of PSD, detector tube, adjustable collimator DN-2 – modernization of detector system NERA-PR – development of new electronics, modernization of neutron guide DIN-2PI – modernization of the detector system, reconstruction of second flight path Required sources: 1500 kUSD

Budget Planning Expected contribution form FLNP JINR budget in (materials and equipment): 230 kUSD per year. 75 % can be concentrated on DN-6 and GRAINS, 25 % necessary for maintenance of IBR-2M spectrometers complex in work conditions prior to re-start of IBR-2M External sources: 200 kUSD per year From 2011, upon completion of IBR-2M modernization and creation of cold moderators, it is possible to redirect additional sources from FLNP JINR budget towards completion of DN-6 and GRAINS projects: 360 kUSD in 2011, 460 kUSD per year in , Total: 2200 kUSD DN-6: 1450 kUSD (FLNP JINR, 150 kUSD realized in ) GRAINS: 1725 kUSD (675 kUSD – BMBF, 125 kUSD – HAS, 925 – FLNP JINR) In the case of the increase of the FLNP JINR budget due to increase of the total JINR budget, more resources can be directed towards second priority: modernization of the complex of existing spectrometers of IBR-2M reactor

Spectral distribution in incident neutron beam measured at YUMO small angle scattering spectrometer Calculated neutron spectrum from moderator surface for channel 4