Chapter 4 Section 2 part 2

Cell Organelles A cell can be compared to a factory. Think of a cell as a miniature factory. – The “machines” of the cell factory are called organelles, which are small structures in the cytoplasm that have special jobs to do. The organelles must work together to keep the cell working properly.

Types of Organelles Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuoles Ribosomes Centrioles Chloroplasts

Mitochondria Mitochondria are small rice-shaped structures found in the cytoplasm of the cell. – They are often called the “powerhouse” of the cell, because they break down glucose to provide the cell with energy.

Endoplasmic Reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum is a fine network of tubes, or canals, within the cell, which acts as a passageway throughout the cytoplasm. – It acts as a “highway system” for the cell.

Vacuoles Vacuoles are large fluid filled organelles, which are considered the cell’s “storage bins.” – Some of them store substances that will be used later by the cell. – Others store waste that will be removed from the cell.

Ribosomes Ribosomes are found scattered throughout the cytoplasm. – Their job is to make proteins, which they are referred to as “protein factories.”

Centrioles Centrioles are 2 small rod shaped organelles found near the nucleus, which are only involved in animal cell reproduction.

Chloroplasts Plant cells have structures called chloroplasts which contain green pigments called chlorophyll. Plants need chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis, which is the food-making process of green plants.