Comparing Development Looking at The Indicators and Drawing Conclusions

Contrasting Development  Read A World of Contrasts 1. Which improvement has been most substantial in improving people’s quality of life? Explain why.  Read Defining Development 1. Provide a definition for development 2. What does development include? 3. What is sustainable development?  Analyse Table What happens to a country’s infant mortality when the GNP per capita falls? 2. Provide reason for why this might be the case. Read Measuring Development 1. In what ways can global development patterns be divided into units? 2.What is the most common unit used? 3.What are measures of development known as? 4.What is the difference between GDP and GNP? 5.Explain why Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) provides a more realistic measure of a countries wealth. 6.What 2 broad groups are the countries of the world divided into?

Comparisons  To do well at this test you will need to analyse various aspects of development and compare them to one another  However, you can’t just compare them, you need to draw relevant conclusions from the data  Which is what we are going to practice today

Health Factors  Infant Mortality  Life Expectancy  HIV/AIDS Prevalence

Infant Mortality – Drawing Conclusions  High Infant Mortality =  Poor/limited health system, especially for young women  Limited education for girls and young women resulting in high infant mortality rate

High Life Expectancy =  Good access to basic healthcare and doctors  Understanding of basic hygiene principles, stopping spread of illness and disease  Less violence and war within the country  Generally a higher level of education within the country

Low HIV/AIDS Prevalence=  Good health system that can combat the disease  Limited spread of the disease in the country in the first place  Good public education

Political Factors  Government Stability/Instability  Dictatorships  Coup d'etat  Civil war  Freedom of the people  History of political change within the country, are they getting better or worse?  Political Ideology  Socialist  Capitalist  Nationalist  Position of religion within the government  Secular/non secular

Government Stability/Instability=  Tells us if a country is willing to change negative political activities for the future  Are they involved in positive development activities?  Are they controlled by foreign interests?

Low Freedom of the People =  Poor government, often corrupt, dictatorship open to bribery  Limited governmental participation which means limited ability for the people to change anything  Freedom of women and minorities usually incredibly low and unfair

Good political history/change for the future =  Positive government who is willing to spend money on development programs to better their country  Moving away from dictatorships and toward democracy

High Involvement of Religion in Government =  Often leads to unfair rules towards minority groups and women  Persecution of religious minorities  Unwillingness to change the way the government works

Economic Factors  Export products  Cash crops  Oil  Minerals  Resources  Income Distribution  How the wealth is distributed amongst the population  The disparity between the rich and poor  GNP/GDP per capita  Total value of goods and services produced within and outside the country.

Export Products =  This tells us if a country is able to trade on world markets with more developed countries  Exporting cash crops can provide a country with money, but greatly limit their food production  Positive exports like oil and manufactured goods are excellent for a country’s economy

Income Distribution =  Simply tells us if the money within a country is distributed evenly  If it is, this is a good thing as it means most people in the country have access to some money  If it is inequitable, it means there is a large gap between rich and poor, often hampering the development process

High GDP/GNP Per Capita =  This means that the wealth within the country is substantial  If all the money was divided equally, this is what each person would receive  However, you must take into account the income distribution of the country also

Population Factors  Literacy/Education  People per square kilometre  Population Growth Rate

Low Literacy/Education =  Limited access to schools meaning low school completion rate  No importance based on schooling due to agricultural work etc.  Poor development future due to limited options

People Per Square Kilometre  This does not tell us a great deal, but it can let us know if a country is overpopulated, or due to be in the future  You can link this statistic with Population Growth Rate

High Population Growth Rate =  High birth rate, people having many children  More people being born than dying, which can lead to overpopulation and the stretching of resources like food  Poor education for young women leading to high birth rates

Comparing Development: Countries of South East Asia  Draw up a table like the one below  List the positive and negative indicators for development in the three case studies. BruneiCambodiaIndonesia PositiveNegativePositiveNegativePositiveNegative  Large oil reserve Country is ruled by an absolute monarch  State of war from 1970 – 1991  No major industries 1.According to the information provided, which country is the most developed? Explain why 2.Which country is the least developed? Justify your answer.