Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration – Optimizing Field Operations for Utilities Dr. Vidya Vankayala Director, Grid Modernization Vidya.Vankayala@powertechlabs.com (604) 598-5010 Richard Guo Distribution Automation, Grid Modernization Richard.Guo@powertechlabs.com (604) 590-7453 www.powertechlabs.com

Index Abstract FLISR Introduction FLISR Testing Comparison DMS FLISR Application Process FLISR Testing De-risking and Optimizing Field Developments DA/DO Facility Outdoor Living Lab System Diagram and Communication Fault Simulation De-risking FLISR through Integration Testing DMS Power Model Configuration Examples Example FLISR Use Cases Estimation of FLISR Benefits & Comparison Conclusions Thank you & QA

Smart Utility Test Center Abstract Powertech Smart Utility Test Center FLISR Testing Richard Guo, Vidya Vankayala , Eugene Crozier, Chris Qu, Powertech Labs Inc, BC, Canada Kunle Adeleye, BC Hydro BC Hydro and Powertech have developed an outdoor integration and interoperability test yard for distributed automation technologies at Powertech Labs referred to as the Smart Utility Test Center (SUTC). The SUTC contains 25kV distribution power equipment, telecommunications, data collection and management systems interconnected with a commercial Distribution Management System (DMS). FLISR (Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration) is a Distribution Management System module to support implementation of self-healing smart grid networks. This paper will provide an overview of FLISR and its use in distribution operations as well as the practical aspects of implementing such a scheme in a utility. It also discusses how the DMS FLISR application is deployed and tested in the SUTC environment including the testing environment introduction, the fault simulation/generation methods, the various FLISR use cases, and the test results with the information to utilities to efficiently use existing equipment installed in the field in order to minimize the duration of the outages to improve SAIFI and SAIDI and customer satisfaction. Index Terms--Power distribution feeders, Power distribution faults, Power system faults, Power system restoration, SCADA systems, WiMAX

FLISR Introduction – Comparison Fault Occurs Feeder Back To Normal Consumer Reports Outage Field Crews On-Scene Located Crew Dispatch and Travel Time Fault Investigation &Patrol Time Time to Perform Manual Switching Repair Time 5 - 10 minutes 15 - 30 minutes 15 - 20 minutes 10 – 15 minutes 45-75 minutes Power restored to customer on healthy sections of feeder Time Line WITHOUT FLISR Fault Occurs Feeder Back To Normal Outage Detected Fault Location Marked for Crew Dispatch Fault Isolation Executed Via SCADA Calculation Fault Restoration Calculation Repair Time 5 seconds 5 -10 seconds 45-60 seconds Power restored to customer on healthy sections of feeder Time Line WITH FLISR Automatic Mode

FLISR Introduction – DMS FLISR Application Process Normal Operations Tripped by Fault Fault Location Element Isolation Service Restoration This section can be restored service Switch is marked by sequence number Normal Operations Tripped by Fault Fault Location Element Isolation Service Restoration Tie Switch Closed Service Restored in this section Recloser opened to isolate the fault element Normal Operations Tripped by Fault Fault Location Element Isolation Switch is marked by sequence number Elements need to be isolated Normal Operations Tripped by Fault Fault Location Element Isolation Fault Occur Normal Operations Recloser tripped to lockout status Fault Indication is turned on Down stream section de-energized Normal Operations Tripped by Fault Possible fault location is marked by percentage Normal Operations Tripped by Fault Fault Location Normally Open Normal Operations

FLISR Testing – De-risking and Optimizing Field Developments Model development and SCADA integration Bench testing & simulation Outdoor 25kV SUTC Full scale interoperability testing Full Scale Deployment Field testing & full deployment

FLISR Testing – DA/DO Facility Outdoor Living Lab World Class Facility Distribution Automation Live 25kV ‘Pole yard’, Outdoor, adjustable open-loop topology multi-vendor recloser and controllers, multi-vendor telecommunications. Field Insight Confidence and knowledge gained through system integration and implementation End-to-End commissioning Field Facilities List 25 kV live line Recloser & Controller from multiple vendors FCI & FPI Fault Indicator from multiple vendors Load Banks: 2 x 1MW Resistive 1 x 600 kVAR reactive Expandable for Future Development Capacitor Bank Voltage Regulator FPI Fault Indicator Load bank: 1 x 1000 kW Recloser Controller FCI Fault Indicator Load bank : 1 x 1000 kW 1 x 600 kVAR Standard BCHydro Recloser Controller Test PulseCloser and controller

FLISR Testing – System Diagram and Communication

FLISR Testing – Fault Simulation Fault Simulation for FLISR testing Programmable load banks are used to produce a step change in the load. The step change in secondary load draws current on the primary which is measured by particular reclosers’ controllers via their CTs. When the current is higher than the pick up current value of the designated recloser’s protection profile, the recloser will take reclosing actions defined by the protection profile. To simulate a fault, the designated recloser protection profile is replaced by the fault trigger profile, such that when the current drawn by the load bank is higher than the pick up value of protection profile, the designated recloser will act and subsequently lock-out.

Fault Indicator Modelling De-risking FLISR through Integration – DMS Power Model Configuration Examples Line Modelling Recloser Modelling Fault Indicator Modelling

FLISR Network Reference Schematic De-risking FLISR through Integration – DMS Power Model Configuration Examples Crucial for integration and successful commissioning Can be aided by importing the distribution network CIM files, GIS or 3rd party output files with distribution network information. Graphical and database tools are available to create or modify Drives control room display, one-liners, operational views, switch orders and off-line views. Forms the basis for control room acceptance of the tool and its readiness. Model import/export is complex Advanced applications such as VVO, FLISR, DER integration require focus on adequate modeling and integration with other systems of record. DMS Geographic View DMS Substation View Test Power System Modeled in DMS FLISR Network Reference Schematic

De-risking FLISR through Integration – Example FLISR Use Cases FLISR in Normal Operation Fault between RC-100 and RC-101 Fault between RC-101 and RC-102 Fault between RC-102 and RC-103 Fault between RC-200 and RC-201 Fault between RC-201 and RC-202 FLISR in Long Single Source Feeder Fault between RC-103 and RC-203 Fault with Sectionalizer Configuration 1 Fault with Sectionalizer Configuration 2 Fault with Switch Current Limit FLISR in Live Line Permit Fault between RC-102 and RC-203 (double HLT) Fault between RC-201 and RC-202 (double HLT)

Reduction of 440,890 customers outage minutes for this event. De-risking FLISR through Integration – Estimation of FLISR Benefits & Comparison With FLISR Without FLISR Reduction of 440,890 customers outage minutes for this event.

De-risking FLISR through Integration – Conclusions The various methods for DMS fault location should be closely examined and mapped to the utility’s expectations, operational procedures and field devices. The communication paths between the DMS/SCADA and field devices are critical to the effectiveness of DA. Integration of the field devices and SCADA/DMS is a complex task and requires significant power system, technology and automation experience. Commercial implementations of FLISR require a significant amount of integration to fit into existing utility business processes especially safety procedures. The DMS power system model configuration is a complex task and requires cross-team coordination between various groups. FLISR implementations require an advanced understanding of self-healing operations, network modeling, distribution planning and technology implementation. FLISR projects should employ de-risking strategies to address the most complex areas of their requirements before planning production deployments. Commercial DMS systems use a number of different methods for fault location and other aspects of FLISR. These capabilities should be closely examined and mapped to the utility’s expectations, operational procedures and number and types of available distribution automation devices. The effectiveness of distribution automation is contingent upon the reliability of communication paths between the DMS/SCADA and field devices Integration of the field devices and SCADA/DMS is a complex task and requires significant power system, technology and automation experience. Commercial implementations of FLISR require a significant amount of integration to fit into existing utility business processes and safety procedures. The DMS power system model configuration is a complex task and requires cross-team coordination between various groups. Distribution automation requires a disciplined approach to the management and coordination of protection profile configurations/ FLISR implementations require an advanced understanding of self-healing operations, network modeling, distribution planning and technology implementation. FLISR projects should employ de-risking strategies to address the most complex areas of their requirements before planning production deployments.

Thank you and questions. Contact: Dr. Vidya Vankayala Director, Grid Modernization Vidya.Vankayala@powertechlabs.com (604) 598-5010 Richard Guo Smart Grid Engineer, Grid Modernization Richard.Guo@powertechlabs.com (604) 590-7453 www.powertechlabs.com

Backup Slides

FLISR Operation Flow 1 Normal Operations Normal Operations Fault Occur Normally Open Normal Operations

FLISR Operation Flow 2 Fault Occur Normal Operations

FLISR Operation Flow 3 Normal Operations Tripped by Fault Recloser tripped to lockout status Fault Indication is turned on Down stream section de-energized Normal Operations Tripped by Fault

FLISR Operation Flow 4 Normal Operations Tripped by Fault Possible fault location is marked by percentage Normal Operations Tripped by Fault Fault Location

FLISR Operation Flow 5 Normal Operations Tripped by Fault Switch is marked by sequence number Elements need to be isolated Normal Operations Tripped by Fault Fault Location Element Isolation

FLISR Operation Flow 6 Normal Operations Tripped by Fault Recloser opened to isolate the fault element Normal Operations Tripped by Fault Fault Location Element Isolation

FLISR Operation Flow 7 Normal Operations Tripped by Fault Fault Location Element Isolation Service Restoration This section can be restored service Switch is marked by sequence number

FLISR Operation Flow 8 Normal Operations Tripped by Fault Fault Location Element Isolation Service Restoration Tie Switch Closed Service Restored in this section

DMS Architecture and SCADA Configuration DMS Overview SCADA Configuration